《茗柯词》变相《风》、《骚》创作意格--论清代常州词派代表张惠言的创作实践

张惠言是清代常州词派的开创者,他以传统儒家之"忠爱悱恻、不淫不伤之旨"为其词学理论基础;以<风>、<骚>的文学精神为其创作典范"感士不遇"而又"主文谲谏",寻春惜春,以立意为本,咏物抒情,重比兴寄托.主张崇比兴,区正变,知尊体.张惠言的<茗柯词>基本上体现了他这一词论要旨.     

Geriatric Hospitals in India,Today and in the Future

Summary

In a country that shuns hospitalization of the elderly, regarding it as disrespect of those who helped youngsters evolve, Heritage Hospital (HH)is a welcome change, a model and pioneer stand-alone geriatric hospital. With its non-ambulatory services looking after sick elderly, HH is like an extended family of seniors. HH's love and fresh air complement its Meals-on-Wheels program, guided by the nutritionist's healthy food. HH's Volunteer Guild; its Diabetes Club, ever growing with India's dramatic rise in the number of diabetics; its Senior Net Club's Click@50, making elders computer savvy; and Grandparent-Grandchild and Golden and Silver Couple contests celebrated on October 1st, are all widely appreciated, enforcing strong values Indians still share on marriage and family. Heritage brings together 10,000 seniors in Hyderabad, strengthening its motto of Eastern philosophy with its strong emphasis on care for the elderly.     

高中生的体型认同:基于女性的分析视角

从身体社会学来看,女性的体型审美取向是男权文化的典型表征。通过中日韩三国高中生的对比分析发现,与男生相比,高中女生普遍接受"以瘦为美"的体型观,存在更为严重的体型认同问题:在主观体型认知上,倾向于"向胖认同";在体型认同情绪上,表现为对"胖"不满:在体型认同策略上,以饮食减肥为主。这表明,身体焦虑已蔓延到了高中生群体,导致高中女生中存在着较为明显的体型认同偏差和盲目减肥现象。究其原因,传媒的渲染与强化起的是主导作用,家庭教养和同辈交往也有间接影响。     

中外合作办学主体法律地位研究

文章首先阐述中外合作办学是一种法律行为,必然会在主体间产生一定的法律关系。由于中外合作办学主体法律地位的不同,决定了不同主体的权利义务的不同。针对中外合作办学实践中出现的主体地位不清、权利义务混淆及越权行为等问题,从法律的角度深入分析并界定了中外合作办学主体的种类及划分标准、不同主体各自的法律特征、权利与义务、职权与职责,以及不同主体之间的相互关系。     

Chance in Guttman scaling

In their recent paper (1977, Social Science Research, 6, 188–196), Kenny and Rubin offer an interpretation of “chance” in Guttman scaling. Their approach is based on the matrix of probabilities p_ij, giving the chance that the ith respondent passes the jth item. It is shown that their interpretation of chance in fact corresponds to a stochastic model of a perfect unidimensional scale. An alternative condition for chance based on the matrix of p_ij's is proposed. This is then proved to be equivalent to the usual interpretation.     

试论小学教育在人生教育中的作用

本文提出，小学阶段的启蒙教育,对人才的培养具有特别重要的意义，应特别注意小学教师素质的培养。     

How trade/GNP ratio decreases with country size

The ratio of a country's foreign trade (i.e., exports plus imports) to its GNP has a known tendency to decrease with country size. Previous studies have used a single year's data; but trade fluctuates greatly from year to year. This paper makes available a compilation of 1953–1972 export/GNP and import/GNP figures for 110 countries. The average import/GNP figure is found to correlate strongly with population size; the simple expression, Imports/GNP = 40 $\text{P}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}$, applies, within a factor of 2, in 94% of cases. No correlation with development level can be seen. The United States data throughout its history (1799–1972) follow the same inverse cube root pattern, but with a constant of 20 instead of 40. Correlation is much poorer in the case of export/GNP ration. Export and import figures are only marginally correlated to each other.     

对当前我国学校德育问题的思考

社会主义市场经济体制的建立,使学校德育工作面临着许多新的情况和问题.本文分析了长期来我国学校德育中存在的目标过高、缺乏层次性,内容单一、缺乏全面性,方法简单、缺乏人文关怀等问题,并提出了改进措施,以加强和改善学校德育工作,使之适应新的形势和要求,逐步走向科学化.     

Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size

Areas of the world's three largest empires or states at any given time are listed at 100- or 50-year intervals, from 3000 b.c. on. Area measurement definitions and techniques are described. Major empire size has tended to increase, approaching the world's dry earth area in an approximately logistic way. This pattern suggests that a world state is still many centuries away. Sudden increases in empire size have occurred around 2800 b.c. due to emergence of cities, around 600 b.c. due to a power delegation breakthrough, and around 1600 a.d. due to a communication speed revolution. A graph of the world's largest empire areas throughout times offers somewhat novel perspectives on world history, making one realize the Western bias of many “world history” texts. Areas of 20 largest states that ever existed are listed. Subsequent papers will deal with historical periods in more detail.     

中州文士对元代儒学的贡献

本文分析中州文士对元代儒学复兴的贡献。文章分四大部分 ,即缑氏山杜时升、杜瑛父子维系二程性理之学的贡献 ;河南姚枢光大北方理学第一功 ;河内许衡继往圣、开来学之功 ;鲁山王磐、西华徐世隆、卫辉王恽推波助澜之功。