论韩非进化史论中的诸子共识及其对诸子学术的取舍

进化史论是韩非思想体系中的重要内容,其主要观点是:社会历史是不断变化发展的,执政者应当根据所处历史时期的不同特点而采取不同的执政政策。从学术史角度将韩非进化史论与诸子相关论述进行比较,可以发现韩非这一思想的形成,在肯定历史发展变化以及分期总结历史的思维方式上,体现了春秋战国时期诸子的思想共识。此外,在韩非的"上古之世"论、三世风尚相异论以及"不期修古"等具体观点上,则体现了他对诸子学术的取舍。     

文化身份的探寻与建构--从水仙花、黄玉雪、汤亭亭到谭恩美

水仙花、黄玉雪、汤亭亭和谭恩美这四位著名的美国华裔女作家,她们作为不同主体,在不同历史时代和不同社会背景中,显示了华裔文化身份认知从无法抉择的选择、无奈地被同化、含混商讨到"复合型"族群性建构的过程,从一个侧面揭示了美国华裔妇女文学的发展进程和社会、文化总体语境的变迁状况.     

The Economic Value of Bilingualism for Asians and Hispanics1

This study examines how bilingualism affects the wages of Asian and Hispanic workers using 2000 Census data. In contradiction to the general belief that bilingualism can provide a competitive advantage in the labor market, we find no evidence that 1.5‐generation and U.S.‐born Asian and Hispanic bilingual workers generally have higher wages than their English monolingual co‐ethnics; in some cases, in fact, their wages are significantly lower. In search of specific circumstances under which bilingualism might provide an economic advantage, we also examine interactions of language with such variables as education, employment in the public rather than the private sector, and the size of the population of mother‐tongue speakers. With limited exceptions, we find no sign of greater economic returns to bilingualism. Since bilingualism requires considerable effort to maintain across generations in the United States, we conclude that the virtual absence of economic rewards for it creates pressure for linguistic assimilation.     

新疆维汉民族关系的社会学研究

维吾尔族、汉族两个民族的关系是新疆各民族的相互关系中最有影响力的一对。近年此领域的社会学研究表明,两个民族在漫长的相互交往中,在语言上较为集中和明显地表现出文化的涵化和融合。作者认为,经济发展是促进民族文化融合的理想方式,西部大开发、新疆经济的发展将有助于民族关系的良性发展,文化上的整合将会促使各民族人民自觉地向中华民族认同。     

Tensions that Make a Difference: Institutions,Interests, and the Immigrant Drive1

This article examines the dynamics underlying contemporary South‐North population displacements and the common gaps between public perceptions of the phenomenon and actual realities. I analyze these dynamics and gaps by focusing on the clash between opposing forces at various stages of the migration process. These tensions occur between actors endowed with unequal power, leading to inefficient Nash‐like equilibria where the interests of less powerful participants and those of society‐at‐large in the successful integration of its newest members are not maximized. Matrices of hypothetical payoffs for relevant actors are presented for illustration. Systemic changes that would alter the present situation in the direction of more efficient and stable outcomes are discussed.     

Contact and conflict between adult children and their parents in immigrant families: is integration problematic for family relationships?

Previous studies have shown that family ties are relatively strong in most non-western immigrant groups in Europe. This paper focuses on differences within the immigrant population and examines how cultural and social aspects of integration affect the relationships that adult children have with their parents. The study is based on survey data with a systematic oversample of persons aged 15–45 with Moroccan and Turkish origins in the Netherlands. The focus is on the amount of contact and conflict that children have with their parents. Findings show that persons of Moroccan and Turkish origins have more frequent contact, but also somewhat more conflict with their parents compared to people without any migration background. Ordinal logit models show that ties to parents are weaker when immigrant children are more liberal in their values and behaviours and when they have more frequent contact with natives. Educational attainment tends to increase conflict between parents and adult children. It is concluded that cultural and social integration may hurt family relationships, pointing to another but less often recognised obstacle for immigrant integration in the west.     

语言濒危原因探析--兼论语言转用的多种因素

本文以大量语言濒危现象为例证 ,对引起语言濒危的原因进行分析 ,认为产生语言濒危乃至消失的原因有两类 ,其中由于主动的语言转用造成的本族语消失是产生当代语言濒危现象的主要原因。在此基础上 ,本文进一步对影响语言转用的人口比例、文化基础、经济优势等多种基本社会因素进行分析 ,提出这些社会因素互相交织在一起 ,对语言的使用发生综合的影响 ,最终由取得优势的因素决定语言的发展趋势。     

Do labour market policies reduce the informal economy more effectively than enforcement and deterrence?

In 2006, Turkish policymakers introduced new measures to reduce informality and encourage formality, in which the primary means of combatting informality were stricter enforcement of existing labor market laws and deterrence through fines, without any appropriate adjustments in formal labour costs. In this paper we show that even without any change in enforcement and deterrence, in an economy growing with capital accumulation like in Turkey, informality gradually and naturally declines. Furthermore, we propose alternative labour market policy changes like reductions in minimum wage and payroll taxes to reduce informal employment share, and assess the relative effectiveness of these policy changes.     

Preserving Patriarchy: Assimilation,Gender Norms,and Second-Generation Korean American Evangelicals

This ethnographic study of a second-generation Korean American Protestant congregation explores the role of religion in assimilation, focusing on emerging gender and family norms. The study found that individuals maintained a substantial commitment to patriarchal gender norms and articulated these norms in language consistent with American evangelical theology rather than in ethnic/cultural terms. Members were also influenced by egalitarian norms from the broader American society, and women in particular offered partial resistance to female subordination. The findings suggest that religious affiliation should be given consideration alongside economic variables in analyzing assimilation trajectories among the new second generation.     

齿型螺旋翅片管束传热及通风特性试验研究

对一种先进的强化换热元件──齿型螺旋翅片管束进行了传热及通风阻力特性试验研究，试验用直接法进行．得出受洁净气流冲刷时该管束传热特性关联式和通风阻力特性关联式，并将该种齿型螺旋翅片管束的性能与相同结构的整体型螺旋翅片管束进行了比较．