出生性别比升高的分因素贡献率

文章根据2005年1%人口抽样调查数据,对比2000年人口普查数据,利用经济学中的贡献率概念,给出分因素出生人口性别比升高的贡献率计算方法,比较在全国出生性别比升高中各省的贡献及在各省出生性别比升高中分城乡及分孩次的贡献程度,为做好综合治理出生性别比工作提出新的观点和建议。     

农村留守女童性安全与性教育问题

近年来，随着外出务工人员的日益增多，农村留守女童数量也急剧上升。由于缺乏必要的监护及性安全教育，不少留守女童成为性侵害的对象。农村留守女童性安全与性教育问题成为舆情分析的焦点。从留守女童性侵案件呈现出的三大特征，即性侵主体多元化、性侵手段多样化、性侵意识淡漠化，可以看出农村留守女童性安全问题情势不容乐观。究其原因，突出地表现在三个方面：亲子教育的缺失影响到性知识的传授、监护人缺乏性安全防范与教育的意识以及学校性安全教育的重视力度较为薄弱。因此，要整合学校、家庭和社会力量，对农村留守女童系统而科学地实施性安全教育，以期能够促进她们身心健康和谐发展。     

Imaginary Protections Against AIDS

SUMMARY

In this article, we analyze the psychosocial mechanisms for managing the risk of HIV infection; we call these imaginary and symbolic protections. Their definition is simple and based on the observation that being aware of prevention guidelines does not necessarily lead people to adopt long-term and systematic behavioral changes. Instead, people use psychosocial processes that will give them the impression that they are taking no risks. We show how these processes are intrinsically related to the symbolic management and manipulation of the relationships to others, thus demonstrating that certain forms of risk-taking are non-rational.     

Understanding the self-organization of occupational sex segregation with mobility networks

Decades after the beginning of the gender revolution, most women and men still work in sex-typed occupations. This is a primary driver of the gender wage gap. Most research describing the patterns of occupational sex segregation focuses on supposedly innate job characteristics that match gender stereotypical abilities and preferences, such as the use of mathematical skills or social skills, on income and status differences between occupations, and on organizational job characteristics, for example, the need to work long hours. However, beyond such occupational attributes, sex segregation is hypothesized to exhibit emergent patterns that are linked to the interdependent job mobility of women and men, in particular, men selectively leaving feminizing occupations. Developing new tools inspired by statistical network research, and using representative, longitudinal data that contain detailed occupational mobility from the UK between 2000 and 2008, this replacement mechanism is analyzed. It is shown that 19–28% of observed sex segregation is linked to this emergent phenomenon in a statistical model that disentangles the various predictors of the allocation of women and men to different occupations. This makes it the most important predictor of segregation in contrast to concurrently modelled explanations based on occupational characteristics.Data and materials availabilityThe BHPS data and the LFS data are available from the UK Data Service (https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/). The O*NET data is available from the O*NET homepage (https://www.onetcenter.org/). Software implemented in the environment R and code for data analysis are available upon request from the authors.     

性别、爱情与艳情——文化史视野下对艳情小说概念的再思考

只有在文化史的视野下,才能突显中国古代艳情小说的特异性。艳情小说既是一种文学类型,又是独特的文化现象。放纵与禁忌的奇异杂糅,显示了艳情小说对欲望和情感的独特理解。而这种理解所表达的性别政治观念,是界定言情与艳情的关键所在。     

The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence

Journalists and authors of trade books increasingly assert a female advantage in leadership, whereby women are more likely than men to lead in a style that is effective under contemporary conditions. Contrasting our analysis of these claims with Vecchio's [Leadersh. Q. 13 (2002) 643] analysis, we show that women have some advantages in typical leadership style but suffer some disadvantages from prejudicial evaluations of their competence as leaders, especially in masculine organizational contexts. Nonetheless, more women are rising into leadership roles at all levels, including elite executive roles. We suggest reasons for this rise and argue that organizations can capture the symbols of progressive social change and modernity by appointments of women in key positions.     

My home, your workplace: people with physical disability negotiate their sexual health without crossing professional boundaries

This paper aims to describe research that examined the views of people with physical disability, living in Australia, of their sexual well-being needs from their own perspective. We explored the impact their sexual well-being needs had on their relationships with professional carers. A social model of disability was used to understand how sexual well-being is facilitated or denied in community care. We also explored whether clients' sexual well-being needs could be met without carers or clients 'crossing the line'. Our findings indicate the multiple ways that 'professional boundaries' were negotiated between clients and professional carers. The data show that the location of the 'line' changed, depending on a range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors. The data also show a gap between the sexual well-being needs of people living with a physical disability and the level of support provided at the social and organisational levels. Suggestions are made for research and practice directions.     

台湾人口性别结构的形成及发展变化

1949年前后大批大陆青壮年男性移民迁入台湾,导致台湾部分年龄组的人口性别结构严重失衡,给台湾的社会发展造成严重的后果,而人口的自然变动对缓解台湾过高的性别比起到重要的作用。     

Who gets ‘Left behind’? Promises and pitfalls in making the global development agenda work for sex workers – reflections from Southeast Asia

ABSTRACT

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) do, at least on a rhetorical level, tie countries and other development actors to a rights-based vision of development, which expressly includes labour rights, migrant rights and women’s rights. Despite this, sex workers continue to migrate and work in the margins where rights are difficult to claim. In looking for sex work in the SDGs, we ask how the SDGs respond to the rights of sex workers and whether more needs to be read into the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development so that states are able to keep the new promise that no one be ‘left behind’? In investigating this issue, we draw upon research conducted in the Southeast Asian region and in Cambodia in particular. In analysing the commitment that development should be inclusive in ways that ‘leave no one behind’, we raise concerns about the target-driven nature of the SDG development agenda that may well prove incapable of mediating the heated debates over the understandings of sex work that play out at both the international and the local level.     

大学生性健康教育的几点思考

综合分析大学生性知识教育方面的相关数据,了解到大学生性知识普遍缺乏,获得性知 识的要求较强烈,而性知识的获得却相对匮乏的现状,结合大学生性健康教育的应有内容,有针 对性提出了性健康教育的具体措施,提高学生的健康思想意识,以期取得令人满意的效果。