区域创新生态系统知识图谱的可视化研究

区域创新是地区经济发展的强力引擎,是一个重要研究议题。文章基于中英文两大数据库,运用Cite Space与VOS viewer软件,对国际及国内区域创新生态系统的研究现状、研究热点及研究动态演化进行分析。研究发现:国内外区域创新生态系统研究成果与日俱增;中国区域经济发展活力持续上涨,在区域创新生态系统领域已形成少量多个学术共同体;在WOS数据库中相关文献研究主题主要包括系统的结构、管理、内在发展模式、外在发展方式,在CNKI数据库中相关文献研究主题主要包括系统理论基础、运行及评价。研究结论对广大研究区域创新生态系统的学者超越现有理论探索新的研究议题具有一定的参考价值。     

Implementing the right project structure to achieve coopetitive innovation projects

This research focuses on the project structure used by coopetitors to achieve common innovation projects. Scholars have recently identified an original but complex project structure that they call the Coopetitive Project Team (CPT). However, other project structures can also be implemented by coopetitors to achieve innovation. Therefore, we address the following question: for which types of innovation projects is CPT appropriate? We argue that coopetitors need to use CPT for high-risk and high-cost projects when the aim is to develop radical innovation. CPT allows coopetitors not only to develop innovation capabilities through close resource and knowledge sharing but also to manage the risk of opportunism. Conversely, coopetitors should use another project structure, Separated Project Teams (SPTs), for low-cost and low-risk projects when the aim is to develop incremental innovation. The SPT design allows coopetitors both to achieve the goal of the project and to minimize the risk of opportunism. To confirm our assumptions, we studied the project portfolios of Airbus and Thales, two firms in the space satellite industry. Our findings confirm that coopetitors should implement CPTs to handle innovation projects that are costly, risky and highly innovative. CPTs permit the sharing of knowledge and the management of high opportunism risk, both of which are necessary to achieve radical innovation. Conversely, coopetitors rely on SPTs for low-cost projects that require a low degree of knowledge sharing, thus avoiding the risk of opportunism in achieving their incremental innovation objectives.     

Product Positioning and Pricing Under Production Cost Considerations*

A framework in a competitive environment is proposed that incorporates production cost and economies of scale in the problem of positioning a product for a market segment. The model facilitates the existence of a Nash equilibrium in prices and product positions. As such, firms can simultaneously choose prices and product positions for the segment. This result improves the traditional theory on equilibria points in prices and product positions where firms choose their product positions first and then set their prices. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates the effects of changes in the unit savings derived from economies of scale or the cost of furnishing a product with its attributes by one firm on the product positions, prices, and profits of all competing firms. More important, the paper examines the effect on prices and profits of competing firms when one of the firms repositions its product closer to the segment's ideal point. It is shown that under certain conditions, the profit of a firm may actually decrease as it redesigns its product closer to the segment's ideal point. These conditions assist management to identify the product design beyond which enhancements of the product would lead to lower profits because of increasing production costs. It is also shown that the price of this firm increases. Past research supports the idea that positioning a brand closer to the ideal point, given fixed product positions of competing firms, would lead to greater buyer preferences and eventually higher profits. The price and profits of the competing firm may increase or decrease. Conditions are derived under which a movement towards the segment's ideal point by one firm would lead to higher profits by the competing firm.     

1992-2012： Chinese Youth＇s Development Track

改革开放之后的中国社会进入平稳发展阶段,集中力量办大事更多的是存在于国家层面特定目标的行政动员和资源配置。在这样的情况下。青年的群体发展状态是否还可以用“运动”来概括需要作进一步探讨。青年群体发展状态是社会发展状态的组成部分,分析青年发展状态其实质是要得出对于社会状态的判断。以国家导向规定青年运动的方向和结构有利于青年群体与社会的强力整合,社会因此而提高其现实发展目标的效率。存在的问题则在于。青年群体的权利诉求易于被湮灭在“高度角色化”和“被神圣化”之中。     

基于Bayesian Gibbs Sampler的状态空间模型估计方法研究及其在中国潜在产出估计上的应用

 本文将贝叶斯吉伯斯样本生成（Bayesian Gibbs Sampling,BGS）方法应用到状态空间模型的估计。首先介绍了BGS方法的基本内容和计算步骤,然后给定参数生成满足状态空间模型的模拟数据,并对模拟数据应用BGS方法估计。结果表明参数与状态向量的估计值与参数值与状态向量的真实值相当接近,明显优于基于Kalman滤波的最大似然估计结果。最后,本文将BGS算法应用于中国1980年至2008年的潜在增长率与增长率缺口的估计。     

从“家族”走向“中产阶层”——上海城市社会史视野中的张爱玲

张爱玲是一位最难将其置于"国家政治地图"上来加以辨识的作家,她的历史经纬只在一座城市。借助上海中产阶层的"社会地利",张氏在这座市声喧哗的城市里,为自己营构了一种"于其中但隔其外"的生活形态和心理位置。她将一种最富象征意义的"都市人"——身心俱在城市化过程的中产阶层作为凝眸对象,并经其心理轨迹,触及了中国"现代性"的两个核心问题:社会"合理化"过程中的人性归宿和中西文化调适,并描绘出传统中国在都会上海的一种变易图式——从"家族"走向城市中产阶层。     

Comparing volatility forecasting models during the global financial crisis

Volatility estimation in financial markets has always been a challenge especially in time of crisis. Once asset prices and investment decisions are highly sensitive to such variable, many different models have been proposed in literature. This article estimates the volatility from a new family of stochastic volatility models called non-Gaussian State Space Models, a subclass of state space models where it is possible to compute exact likelihood. Volatilities of important Asian and Oceanian stock market indexes have been estimated and compared to APARCH model estimates. Results showed that non-Gaussian State Space Models outperformed significantly in both in-sample and forecasting cases.     

福柯：传播的权力（n0─4376）

权力是福柯思想中的一个核心概念,权力渗透于文明和社会的每一个角落。在福柯一系列论著的论述中,权力是传播的,从传播的角度归纳起来,主要有三个方面：从传播的方式来考察,权力通过仪式来传播;从形式来考察,权力通过语符来传播;从媒介来考察,权力则在特定的空间中传播。通过考察权力的传播,可以发现权力是怎样影响社会和人们的观念。     

The spaces and ethics of organic food

Initial assessments of the potential for organic food systems have offered an optimistic interpretation of the progressive political and ethical characteristics involved. This positive gloss has prompted a stream of critique emphasising the need to explore the ambiguities and disconnections inherent therein. In this paper, we consider the case of Riverford Organic Vegetables,¹ arguably the largest supplier of organic vegetables in the UK, and suggest that existing debates assume too much about the “goods” and “rights” of organic food and leave important questions about the spaces and ethics of organic food. We argue that, in the case of Riverford, the space of organic food production and distribution is neither the small, local, counter-cultural farm nor the large, transnational, corporate firm. Rather, simultaneously, the spaces of organic food production and distribution are the national network, the regional distribution system and the local farm. In addition, in the case of Riverford, the ethics of organic food exhibit few grand designs (of environmental sustainability, for example). Rather, the ethics of organic food are best characterised as: ordinary, since they relate to concerns about taste, value for money, care within the family and so on; diverse, since multiple practices steer the production and distribution of organic food; and graspable, in that both vegetables and box have material and symbolic presence for consumers.     

A note on the construction of optimal linear codes

Let us denote by (n,k,d)-code, a binary linear code with code length nk information symbols and the minimum distance d. It is well known that the problem of obtaining a binary linear code whose code length n is minimum among (n,k,d)-codes for given integers k and d, is equivalent to solve a linear programming whose solutions correspond to a minimum redundancy error-correcting code. In this paper it will be shown that for some given integers d, there exists no solution of the linear programming except a solution which is obtained using a flat in a finite projective geometry.