四川西昌话中“在”的特殊用法

西昌话中的＂在＂跟普通话中的＂在＂的区别有三：1、＂在＂可以用为助词放在句末表示状态的持续或者动作的进行;2、＂在＂可跟＂这儿/那儿＂组成介词短语＂在这儿/那儿＂放在动词前作副词用,表示动作的进行;3、＂在＂还可以跟＂还＂组成固定搭配＂还在＂做副词,直接修饰形容词,表示事物正处于某种状态。     

悲悯与宽容——汪曾祺改写《职业》和《异秉》体现出的人生关怀

汗曾祺先后改写了《职业》和《异秉》,两文前后期情节处卵的变化体现了作者的创作对人生苦难本质的认识与悲悯人世的宽厚情怀.     

特殊类型贫困地区特色反贫机制探讨——以三江并流区为例

三江并流区是我国多种类型贫困的重叠区,该区域是我国限制开发区,同时也是我国重要的生态平衡区。由于区域的特殊性,三江并流区的贫困人口众多、贫困率高、致贫因素复杂等因素贫困程度比较高。针对其致贫因素的多样性和特殊性,通过采取培育制度安排、发展特色文化产业、培育乡村能人、发展乡镇经济等内生增长方式对该区域构建特色反贫困机制。     

少数民族大学生就业问题的特殊性及对策建议

本文对毕业于109所院校,分布在全国各地的回、藏、维吾尔族等33个民族的少数民族大学生就业现状进行了调查.调查发现,少数民族大学生就业中存在一次就业率低、就业成本高、待业时间长、就业层次低、收入少、工作与所学专业脱节、应聘时有被歧视的现象等.本文认为,导致这些现象的原因有其特殊性,因此,应采取一些特殊措施加以解决.     

“I Would Do HIV Adoption 100 Times Over Again”: An Exploratory Study on Families With Internationally Adopted Children With PHIV

Internationally adopted children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) are an emerging population in the United States. One key informant and nine mothers of internationally adopted children with PHIV were interviewed about the adoption process, HIV disclosure, and family needs. Qualitative analyses of transcribed interviews revealed that faith played a pivotal role in pursuing “HIV adoption.” Many participants expressed initial fear about adopting a child with PHIV, but gained confidence through education on transmission risks and the improved lifespan of children with PHIV. Participants reported few HIV-related challenges. Many actively promoted the international adoption of children with PHIV and used disclosure as a tool for education.     

Craving closeness: a grounded theory analysis of women's experiences of mothering in the Special Care Nursery

AIM: The aim of the study was to increase knowledge and understanding of how women begin their roles as mothers when their infant is in the neonatal nursery. BACKGROUND: Research is limited into how women experience mothering in contexts such as the neonatal nursery. Consequently many nurses and midwives remain inadequately informed of parents' experiences which we know may have long-term family outcomes. METHOD: This paper presents the overarching synthesis of a grounded theory analysis of data collected from 28 Australian women whose infants were in Special Care Nurseries. It draws together a number of previous publications that have described in detail the categories derived from the analysis that explain the actions, interactions and reactions women engage in as they seek to 'connect' with their infant. Data collection consisted of two in-depth interviews conducted with women, 333h of taped cot side recordings, field notes and interview data collected from 20 nursery staff, 19 of whom were midwives. FINDINGS: Six major categories were identified that, when combined, explained the intense emotional, cognitive and worry 'work' women undertook with both their infants and the nursery staff in an effort to learn how to mother in the nursery. Four explained how women worked to get to know and connect with their infants. The first three were labelled 'just existing', 'striving to be the baby's mother' and 'trying to establish competence'. The fourth, 'learning and playing the game', overlays the first three and represents the reality of having to undertake these already difficult and unexpected activities of mothering in the nursery. Two categories 'becoming connected' and 'struggling to mother' were identified as the consequences of women's actions and interactions. A significant finding of the study was the impact of the interactions between nurses and mothers' mothering. The nurse-mother relationship had the potential to significantly affect how women perceived their connection to the infant and their confidence in caring for their infant which occurred through a three way interaction. CONCLUSIONS: It becomes clear that the intense work women undertake as mothers in the nursery is focused on not only the infant, which might have been expected, but also the nursery staff. It is driven by their desire to develop or re-establish some sense of competence in the eyes of the nurse and to achieve control over the situation. Achieving physical closeness with the baby was a major strategy through which women not only learned about and gained intimate knowledge of their infant, but also demonstrated authority and ownership. It appears that reorientating the delivery of services from the infant to the mother-infant dyad would improve the care women and families receive during their nursery experience.     

突发公共卫生事件中特殊群体的权益保障

特殊群体是一类有着特殊利益要求的群体,在2003年非典事件中,以非典患者和一线医护人员为代表的特殊群体与社会利益发生了一系列冲突。平衡这种冲突,不仅是法律的功能也是政府的责任。借鉴国际国内对于弱势群体的补偿与发展政策并重的方法,从立法、司法等方面平衡被打乱的利益格局,使特殊群体利益得到补偿,从而完善我国应对突发性公共卫生事件的法律体系。     

建立“特约三员制度”探析

创新纪检监察体制,建立"特约纪检员"制度、"特约监督员"制度、"特约信息员"制度,赋予"特约三员"全新的职责,整合纪检资源,实现纪检资源区域统筹,发挥社会资源对预防腐败的监督作用,缓解国企纪检资源不足的矛盾。     

违法所得特别没收程序与刑事缺席审判比较研究

新刑事诉讼法第五编特别程序中第三章以4个法条规定了违法所得特别没收程序。其实质理应是缺席审判的一种特殊形式。但与一般意义上普通的缺席审判相比,法条的精简导致缺乏相对完整和规范的制度设计。其实,普通的刑事缺席审判制度本身符合现代刑事诉讼制度多元化的价值追求,有其存在的合理的价值基础。通过借鉴普通的刑事缺席审判,可以通过一个合理的程序设计,解决因被告人不出庭造成的权利失衡所可能导致的审判结果的不公,实现诉讼效率与社会正义兼得的诉讼目标。     

对没收财产刑的价值反思

没收财产刑的重刑效应早已"名不副实",对犯罪人的威慑力不大,在已有罚金刑的情况下,没有存在的必要,并且由于刑罚投入成本过大,从刑罚效益的角度考虑,也不可取。同时,不能将没收财产刑异化为不能证明财产来源违法性时对犯罪人财产的剥夺,应结束一般没收和特别没收混用的状态。