Specialization and promotion in an academic discipline

What does it take to get tenure in an academic discipline? The receipt of tenure has received less attention in the research literature on scientific careers than other career outcomes. To explain variation in the “risk” of receiving tenure, we theorize that the extent of specialization in scholars’ research programs should improve promotion prospects, especially for men. Using data on sociology PhD recipients in 1972–1976, we construct a measure of research specialization and add it to a traditional attainment model that includes productivity, visibility, and prestige of specialty area(s). We find that a high degree of specialization actually decreases promotion prospects, at least for men.     

专业化是大学生就业指导的必然选择

当前,大学生就业指导工作存在着就业指导机构缺乏专门化、职业化,就业指导队伍不专业,就业指导内容系统化、科学化程度不够,就业指导模式相对封闭粗放,就业服务体系市场化、社会化、信息化程度低等问题,这些问题的存在使高校在办学规摸的不断扩大以及就业市场格局已然变化的今天,其就业指导工作的针对性和有效性不强。高校就业指导工作的最终目标就是要提升学生的就业竞争力,提高毕业生的求职成功率,为社会输送更多的合格人才。这就要求高校的就业指导工作必须走专业化发展的道路,从专业化层面来设置专门化机构、建设专业化队伍、创建系统科学的就业指导内容和全程化就业指导课程体系、变革就业指导模式、提高就业服务体系市场化、社会化、信息化程度。     

试论我国立法的专业化和大众化

科学立法是完善有中国特色社会主义法律体系的内在要求和根本保障,而这必然要求强调立法的专业化与大众化。同时,因立法本身不仅牵涉规则的体系化,更涉及权利与利益分配,这势必促使我国立法重视立法的专业化与大众化及其机制的构建问题：既要通过立法人员等专业人士的统筹与系统化来协调各种利益群体的冲突与矛盾,合理分配权利和利益,从而实现专业化,又要积极引导公众通过各种方式和途径参与立法,平衡各种群体的权利与利益诉求,从而实现大众化,最终促进经济发展、增进公共利益、维护社会和谐。     

教师教育的新路向：专业学位教育

以教育专业学位教育为引擎的教师培养模式,是我国正处于十字路的教师教育发展的新路向。专业学位教育是为了培养适应社会特定职业或岗位的实际工作需要的应用型高层次专门人才的职业型高等教育,教育专业学位教育可以满足教师专业化发展的要求,使教师教育学术性与师范性的统一成为可能,并保证教师教育的可持续发展。建立以学位为主导的教师教育制度,进一步完善教育专业学位的设置,增设教育学士、教育博士专业学位。     

Emergence of diverse and specialized knowledge in a metropolitan tech cluster

Specialized knowledge is increasingly central in modern information- and technology-oriented economies, yet we know surprisingly little about how this knowledge is organized. We trace the evolution of specialized knowledge at both the individual- and network-levels by analyzing email exchanges shared among members of a large tech professional community in New York City over seven years. We find a shift over time toward the emergence of an increasingly specialized ecology of knowledge and information. This division of knowledge is driven by the influx of new cohorts of participants with different knowledge and interests than those already there. Yet, even as individual contributors increasingly sort into specialized niches, the community as a whole remains robust in its ability to address topics of diverse concern. This study illustrates how new sources of data enable us to see with greater clarity the structures underpinning modern knowledge-based innovation clusters.     

高校学报应加强对作者队伍的专门化培育

高校学报担负着报道本校科研成果及学术动态的重要任务 ,应当不断加强对作者的专门化培育 ,以满足作者队伍自身发展和高校科研成果迅速转化的需要 ,满足巩固和提高学报质量 ,适应社会总体发展的需要     

对云南农民增收与就业结构转变关系的实证研究与分析

本文的目的是分析农民就业结构变化以及现阶段农民就业多元化和兼业行为对不同阶段云南农民收入增加的影响和存在问题,阐述随着经济发展形势的变化和市场经济的发展,只有鼓励和帮助农民根据不同条件采取专业化和兼业化等多元就业方式,才能推动农村劳动力向非农产业转移,达到长期稳定增收的目的。并且通过对代表经济较发达地区的玉溪市华宁县,经济中等发展地区西双版纳州和经济落后地区临沧地区的云县农民增收与就业情况调研,说明不同地区应根据其不同情况采取不同的引导政策。     

In search of complementarities within and across platform ecosystems: Complementors’ relative standing and performance in mobile apps ecosystems

Firms can benefit immensely from participating in digital platform ecosystems—specifically, from the shared technological assets and market opportunities offered by the platform owner. Yet, while aligning with the platform ecosystem rules, each member must decide whether to specialize in a given platform ecosystem or across multiple platform ecosystems to capture these benefits. We examine two common patterns through which platform ecosystem members (i.e., complementors) specialize within and across platform ecosystems, and the relative impact on their market performance. We look at the high relative standing of the complementary product as a reflection of complementors' specialization in the given product category or platform ecosystem. We then theorize that having products with high relative standing in a single product category and a single platform ecosystem, together, diminishes complementors’ market performance over time. Similarly, high relative standing in multiple platform ecosystems and multiple product categories, at the same time, adversely impacts the market performance. We find supportive evidence for our hypotheses, in a panel dataset of mobile app developers. This paper contributes to the burgeoning stream of research that investigates the trade-offs faced by complementors, suggesting that complementor strategies are more complex than simply trying to maximize market reach.     

产品内国际分工条件下我国产业升级路径探讨

在经济日益全球化的今天,产品内国际分工逐渐成为国际分工的重要趋势。论文分析了产品内国际分工理论在产业升级中的机理,指出我国应分别从企业、产业、政府各个层面上推动企业参与产品内国际分工,并逐步占领全球产业分工中的有利位置和全球价值链中的高端环节,从而谋取更大的战略利益。     

农民专业合作社制度安排对成员行为及组织绩效影响研究

利用江苏省的调查数据,通过结构方程分析模型,对我国农民专业合作社的产权安排、治理结构、利益分配制度对成员合作行为和组织绩效的影响及其作用机制进行了实证研究.结果表明,农民专业合作社的各项制度安排相互作用,共同影响和制约成员合作行为与组织绩效;社员所有的产权制度和民主控制的治理结构不仅对成员合作行为与组织绩效有显著的正向影响,而且在很大程度上决定着合作社利益分配制度的健全程度;成员在惠顾、投资和参与管理方面的行为以及合作社领导人的“企业家冶行为是影响合作社组织绩效的直接因素和重要因素.