《标准海事通信用语》的语言特点及翻译

概要介绍了国际海事组织编写《标准海事通信用语》的背景知识,并通过例句分析了该通信用语的语言特点及其翻译.其语言特点主要包括大量使用专业词汇、用词平易而避免使用大词、大量使用以“what”开头的特殊疑问句、大量使用第一人称代词和第二人称代词及其形容词性的物主代词、句型结构避繁就简等.     

文后参考文献著录中存在的问题及对策

参考文献是作者撰写或编辑论著而引用的有关文献资料,是科技论文的重要组成部分。因此,正确著录文后参考文献显得十分重要。所以,作者对完整著录参考文献的要素、参考文献中的出版地、英文作者姓名的正确著录及参考文献的随意翻译等问题提出了自己的看法和建议。     

浅谈现代艺术与后现代艺术的区别和理解

现代与后现代艺术思潮源于西方,对当代各艺术领域有着广泛而深刻的影响。本文通过对现代艺术与后现代艺术的主要精神的简要分析,从内容表达、作品的持久性、艺术标准这三方面来论析了这两个时期艺术的区别。     

A new alternative to the standard F test for clustered data

The data collection process and the inherent population structure are the main causes for clustered data. The observations in a given cluster are correlated, and the magnitude of such correlation is often measured by the intra-cluster correlation coefficient. The intra-cluster correlation can lead to an inflated size of the standard F test in a linear model. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem. Unlike previous adjustments, our method does not require estimation of the intra-class correlation, which is problematic especially when the number of clusters is small. Our simulation results show that the new method outperforms the existing methods.     

Can the minimum living standard guarantee scheme enable the poor to escape the poverty trap in rural China?

The rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (Dibao) Scheme is the most important social assistance programme in rural China. However, how the rural Dibao programme affects household expenditures and whether it can enable the poor to escape the poverty trap are questions that remain largely unexplored. This study used data from the 2012 Rural Household Survey in China to investigate the impact of the rural Dibao programme on household expenditures. We found that the programme significantly improved the well‐being of low‐income households. Particularly, the programme significantly increased household expenditures on housing, education and health; furthermore, the impact was greater for households with educated household heads. However, the programme did not significantly affect household expenditures on food, transportation or farming inputs. The results imply that participation in the rural Dibao programme induces household investment in human capital, which could help to break the inter‐generational transmission of poverty and raise long‐run welfare.     

A new generalized two-sided class of distributions with an emphasis on two-sided generalized normal distribution

The ordinary-G class of distributions is defined to have the cumulative distribution function (cdf) as the value of the cdf of the ordinary distribution F whose range is the unit interval at G, that is, F(G), and it generalizes the ordinary distribution. In this work, we consider the standard two-sided power distribution to define other classes like the beta-G and the Kumaraswamy-G classes. We extend the idea of two-sidedness to other ordinary distributions like normal. After studying the basic properties of the new class in general setting, we consider the two-sided generalized normal distribution with maximum likelihood estimation procedure.     

贯彻《通用规范汉字表》需要澄清误解——以朱大可《汉字革命和文化断裂》为例

教育部、国家语委《通用规范汉字表》是中国今后一个时期在“通用”领域使用汉字必须遵守的规范。贯彻该《字表》必须澄清前一时期文化界对简化字的种种误解。朱大可所持简化字是“字母共产主义化”、“毛体字”，造成“文化断裂”的观点，以及他对某些字形的解说，对推行规范汉字有阻力作用。建议文化名人了解语言文字知识和汉字改革历史。     

生产力标准并非实践标准的具体运用

对生产力标准是实践标准的具体运用的流行观点提出商榷.生产力标准与实践标准属于不同的范畴.前者是历史观方面的命题,后者是认识论方面的命题.两者所适用的检验在对象、性质、依据、内容方面都存在着质的区别.实践标准与生产力标准不是一般原理与个别原理的关系,而是体现真理的客观性与价值性的统一.生产力标准命题是党的政治路线的重大拨乱反正,实现了"文化大革命"结束后的又一次思想大解放.     

关于《规范汉字表》的几个认识问题

汉字在理据和效率的矛盾统一中，效率始终占据矛盾的主要方面；《规范汉字表》是为全社会绝大多数人和绝大多数场合的文字应用而研制的；汉争的稳定是相对的，变化发展是绝对的，不能以稳定为借口排斥发展；研制《规范汉字表》需要在纷繁复杂的矛盾中寻找最佳平衡点；方案正式颁布、实施之前，有必要在社会各界广泛征求意见。     

论墨子“以天为法”的法的本体论

“天志”是墨子之法的本体来源,“以天为法”就是以“天志”为“法仪”,“天”是墨子之法的本,“天志”是墨子之法的体,“法仪”是墨子之法的用,“天”、“天志”与“法仪”是本、体、用的关系。“天志”就是合乎自然的自然法,是“民意”的反映,是墨子法律思想权威性的价值根源,是判断是非善恶的最高标准。“以天为法”不仅是墨子构建自己思想体系的基础,而且是其法律思想的出发点和归宿。