We Must Preach what Should Be Practiced

There is some merit in what a majority does in statistics, but this is not enough for statistical science, which is developed by individuals.     

Discourse change and policy development in social assistance in China

Zhang H. Discourse change and policy development in social assistance in China Since the introduction of a new social assistance programme in urban China, the state was eventually able to expand the programme to rural areas as a further step towards integrating the development of social assistance in urban and rural areas. This article argues that the development of social assistance in China can be explained by the change of discourse among the officials and the elites in central government. The discourse on social assistance can be conceptualised in three periods: the urban‐first discourse (1999–2003); the discourse debate (2003–2007); and the urban–rural integration discourse (2007–present). Through scrutinising specific discourses and the policy development of social assistance in these three periods, it appears that in company with the change in the discourse process, rural social assistance was developed rapidly in order to construct an integrated social assistance system. The article concludes that discourse plays a significant role in Chinese social assistance policy development.     

武汉市农村最低生活保障制度的问题与建议——基于武汉市青山区的个案分析

在我国,最低生活保障制度为社会成员提供基本生活保障,是社会救助的基础和核心.文章基于对武汉市青山区农村低保个案的调查分析,了解武汉市农村最低生活保障制度的施行状况,发现在运行中存在保障能力不足、保障资金缺乏等几个方面问题.文章结合生态系统理论与社会支持网络理论提出相应的政策建议.     

人教版小学数学课标实验教材使用效果研究

研究结果表明,人教版小学数学课标实验教材在内容选择上是符合课程标准要求的,编排体系体现了课程标准的理念.该实验教材改变了教师的教学观、教材观和教学方法.在体现人文性和内容编排的顺序等方面,尚需略做调整.     

The effect of parameter estimation on the performance of one-sided Shewhart control charts for zero-inflated processes

ABSTRACT

Zero-inflated probability models are used to model count data that have an excessive number of zeros. Shewhart-type control charts have been proposed for the monitoring of zero-inflated processes. Usually their performance is evaluated under the assumption of known process parameters. However, in practice, their values are rarely known and they have to be estimated from an in-control historical Phase I sample. In the present paper, we investigate the performance of Shewhart-type control charts for zero-inflated processes with estimated parameters and propose practical guidelines for the statistical design of the examined charts, when the size of the preliminary sample is predetermined.     

The Effects of Imputing the Missing Standard Deviations on the Standard Error of Meta Analysis Estimates

A common problem in the meta analysis of continuous data is that some studies do not report sufficient information to calculate the standard deviation (SDs) of the treatment effect. One of the approaches in handling this problem is through imputation. This article examines the empirical implications of imputing the missing SDs on the standard error (SE) of the overall meta analysis estimate. The simulation results show that if the SDs are missing under Missing Completely at Random and Missing at Random mechanism, imputation is recommended. With non random missing, imputation can lead to overestimation of the SE of the estimate.     

The Use of Ratios to Compare Volatilities and VaRs

The riskiness of two investments can be compared by looking at the ratio of the respective Value-at-Risk's (VaRs) or the ratio of volatilities. The exact distribution of the ratio of two volatilities calculated from normal observations and an asymptotic confidence interval for the ratio of two VaRs is derived. A simulation study shows good coverage rates for ratios of VaRs calculated from observations from distributions commonly used to model logarithmic returns.     

广告语言类型对广告态度之影响研究

在多语言文化环境中开展广告活动采用当地语言,还是全国性标准语更有助于提高广告说服力是营销管理决策中的常见问题。研究结果认为:本地消费者偏好地方语广告,而外地消费者偏好标准语广告,在本地消费者中,上层社会经济地位的消费者对两种语言的广告无显著偏好差异,而中层和下层的消费者则更偏好地方语广告;对于立足发展区域品牌或欲获得区域竞争优势的企业而言,采用方言广告更能突出品牌的区域特性,也更能获得本地消费者的认同和喜爱;定位于中、下层消费者的产品可以用方言将广告本土化、平民化,而面向上层消费者的高档产品广告则更宜采用标准语言,以有利于保持品牌在顾客心智中的高端、可靠形象。     

民事诉讼证明责任分配规则实证分析

由于我国当事人取证能力的薄弱,法官倾向于将客观证明责任转化为主观证明责任来加以使用,笔者得出客观证明责任的重要性更多地体现在对当事人在诉讼过程中取证方向的指引。而由于我国证明责任分配规则在法律中规定的极为不明确,导致二审改判率的上升,因此笔者主张在实体法的制定过程中,要注意将证明责任的分配规则规定得更为明确,给法官以明确的指引。     

民国时期官方确定汉民族共同语标准音的历史回顾与思考

作者回顾了民国时期政府确定汉民族共同语标准音历史进程的3个阶段，并运用语言规划学、政策学和汉语言文字学等相关学科理论，分析了每个阶段的具体特点，涉及了语言规划者的价值观对语言政策的决定作用、公众的政策诉求对语言规划者态度改变的作用、语言文字工作者对语言规划的影响、政府对语言规划工作的推动等诸多理论和实践问题。