Using resistance resources to reduce stress: A study of rural Nevadans

Based upon Antonovsky's conceptual model of resources as resistors to stress, seven personal and three environmental resistance resources are identified, and quantified. The resistance resources and measure of tension are used as the predictor variables in a stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify the factors which best predict stress. The four variables which are statistically significant in explaining variance in stress scores are satisfaction with family life, total number of life events experienced, age, and satisfaction with family finances.This project was part of the W-167 Western Regional Agricultural Experiment Station Project, Coping with Stress: Adaptation of Nonmetropolitan Families to Socioeconomic Changes, and was partially funded by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. The original instrument was developed and the first wave of data was collected by Dr. Judith Zimmerman, former faculty member of the School of Home Economics at the University of Nevada-Reno.Virginia A. Haldeman is Associate Professor, School of Home Economics, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557. She received her Ed.D. from Utah State University and her research interests include stress and conservation practices.Jeanne M. Peters received her Ph.D. from Oregon State University. She is Assistant Professor, School of Home Economics, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557. Research interests include stress and time use.     

Women's perceived stress and well-being following voluntary and involuntary relocation

This study investigated the relationship between voluntary and involuntary relocation and women's perceptions of stress and amount of control, as well as their satisfaction with personal well-being. Results indicated that involuntary movers felt significantly less control and had lower levels of satisfaction with the relationship with their spouses than did voluntary movers. Educational level and employment status were also explored in relation to the dependent variables. Women with high school/trade school education had significantly higher levels of perceived stress, feelings of less control, and lower levels of satisfaction with family life than women with more education.This paper was supported by the Colorado State University and University of Wyoming Experiment Stations and published as Scientific Series Paper No. 290.Paula P. Makowsky received her M.S. from Colorado State University. She is currently a Counselor, Catholic Social Services, Phoenix, AZ.Alicia Skinner Cook is a Professor, Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523. Her research interests include grief and loss issues related to relocation. She received her Ph.D. from Arizona State University.Peggy S. Berger received her Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University. She is an Associate Professor, Department of Consumer Science & Housing, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523. Her research interests include socioeconomic issues related to geographic mobility and to gender.Judith Powell received her Ed.D. from Oklahoma State University. She is a Professor, Child & Family Studies, and Head, Department of Home Economics, Division of Home Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071. Her research interests include parent-child relations and effects of relocation on families.     

Stress and the bus driver in the UK transport industry

This study was carried out to identify potential sources of stress for bus drivers working for the established operator in a major UK city, six months after the deregulation of bus transport. The focus was to assess the mental health and job satisfaction of the drivers. An interview programme was followed by a questionnaire survey of 376 male bus drivers. Major problem areas related to health and home-related concerns, problems intrinsic to the job, lack of involvement and support during the organizational changes occurring and fears regarding physical assault. Existing problems had been intensified as a result of streamlining and increased competition. The bus drivers were found to demonstrate lower levels of job satisfaction and unfavourable scores on mental-health indices when compared to normative samples, which was associated with their work-related stressors. The impact was significantly reduced for those men driving the newer minibuses in contrast to the traditional 72-seater double-decker buses.     

高层管理者的工作压力、社会支持及二者关系研究

本研究编制了“经理人工作压力源”量表,并以此对全国21个省的303名高层管理者进行了调查。结果表明,该量表具有良好的信度和效度;高层管理者各类工作压力总体上均处于“轻度”和“中度”之间,位居前两位的是“企业发展”和“下属滞后”;高层管理者的社会支持系统呈现出“支持系统良好,但利用程度较低”的特点;年龄、学历、所有制性质对工作压力和社会支持均有显著的主效应,民营企业、低学历者、中青年高层管理者是工作压力最大的亚群体;“支持利用”能够显著缓解各类工作压力,它和主观支持均对工作压力有显著的直接效应,而组织支持和客观支持则对工作压力仅具有间接效应。     

工作压力与工作效率理论研究述评

工作压力与工作效率关系一直是管理学探讨的主题之一,而工作压力与工作效率理论正是对工作压力研究的发展与深化,国外对二者关系的研究进行了近一个世纪。本文对国外关于工作压力与工作效率关系研究不同理论派别的主要成果给予介绍和综述,并对研究中存在的问题进行了简要的评价。     

Responses of children and adolescents to a fire in their homes

House fires are a common occurrence in the United States, often happening as isolated, personal disasters. This qualitative study examines the responses of 12 children, ages 6 to 17, who were survivors of 12 separate home fires in a Mid-Atlantic city. Two thirds of the families involved were single-parent families receiving public welfare. Children were interviewed between three and four months after the fire. Nine categories concerning the fire experience and its aftermath were identified: exposure, loss, displacement, attribution, stress responses, changes in relationships, self-report of changes in behavior, child's perception of parent's stress and child's view of adulthood and the future. Psychosocial themes that emerged included a sense of fear and blame, sleep disturbances, and a sense of vulnerability. Parents rated their children on a quantitative measure of behavior and social competence. The behavior rating scale revealed that half of the parents rated their child's adjustment after the fire as not normal. Children's reactions to larger-scale disasters are indicated. Implications of these findings for social work practice are discussed.This study was supported by a grant from the Hassel Foundation, Philadelphia, PA.     

带轴向运动裂纹圆柱壳的应力场

本文利用Fourier积分变换技术,研究了轴向为速扩展圆柱壳的应力场求解问题,得到了裂纹尖端应力场的小参数解。结果表明,裂纹尖端应力场的强度与裂纹扩展速度有关,而应力场的角分布与裂纹扩展速度无关。且当裂纹扩展速度这到一定位时,运动裂纹出现分枝现象。     

高校教工精神压力状况及原因分析——基于江苏南京、镇江5所高校的调查

对南京和镇江5所高校教工精神压力基本状况及其来源进行了实证调查,结果显示：高校教工普遍存在精神压力大的问题,压力的主要来源有生活条件差;科研经费、设备、交流机会、信息资料匮乏;教学科研成果的评定缺乏科学的标准和应有的公平;学校组织氛围对教工支持有限等,建议从组织和教工自身角度进行压力管理,提升压力应对水平。     

Transmission mechanisms of financial stress into economic activity in Turkey

Measuring, analyzing and understanding systemic risk in financial system have become very important in the light of the recent global crisis. In this study, we follow Holló, Kremer, and Lo Duca (2012) and evaluate systemic stress of financial system of Turkey with a high frequency (daily) financial stress index which consists of daily 13 financial market indicators. Dynamics of the financial stress index indicate that the index creates proper signals to the well-known financial stress events. The dynamic interaction between financial stress and real economic activity is investigated with application of structural VAR (SVAR) model. Results of the study suggest that deterioration of financial conditions impacts real economic activity significantly and adversely.     

Occupational conditions,self-care,and obesity among clergy in the United States

Prior research has shown that a variety of occupational conditions such as long work hours are associated with increased likelihood of obesity. In this study, we use the specific case of the clergy to explore how occupational conditions are linked to increased or decreased odds of being obese. We hypothesize that stressful conditions are associated with increased odds of obesity and that self-care practices are associated with decreased odds. Using the 2008/9 U.S. Congregational Life Survey’s national sample of clergy from multiple religious traditions, we find support for our hypotheses. Clergy who experience more stress, work more hours, or are bi-vocational have higher odds of obesity. Those who take a day off each week, have taken a sabbatical, or are involved in a support group experience lower odds. For Protestant clergy, being involved in a support group or taking a day off moderates the association between certain stressful occupational conditions and obesity.