大学生抗挫折现状及干预后效果评价调查研究

为了解大学生面临挫折现状、应对方式和自我评价以及在采取教育干预措施后抗挫折能力的变化情况,我们以广西医科大学各个专业的班级为单位采取标准化问卷进行调查,旨在探讨抗挫折教育的途径和方法,培养大学生健康的心理素质,促进他们健康成长。     

Transmission mechanisms of financial stress into economic activity in Turkey

Measuring, analyzing and understanding systemic risk in financial system have become very important in the light of the recent global crisis. In this study, we follow Holló, Kremer, and Lo Duca (2012) and evaluate systemic stress of financial system of Turkey with a high frequency (daily) financial stress index which consists of daily 13 financial market indicators. Dynamics of the financial stress index indicate that the index creates proper signals to the well-known financial stress events. The dynamic interaction between financial stress and real economic activity is investigated with application of structural VAR (SVAR) model. Results of the study suggest that deterioration of financial conditions impacts real economic activity significantly and adversely.     

Waiting: integrating social and psychological perspectives in operations management

Waiting time is an important issue in service operations management because of its impact on customer satisfaction and operations capabilities. This paper examines waiting time from a social and psychological perspective. It provides a conceptual framework which identifies social and psychological factors that affect perceptions of waiting. The conceptual framework enables service managers to rethink operational issues, such as layout design, process choices, and service delivery from customers’ perceptions of waiting. Assimilation–contrast theory suggests that perceived waiting time be linked to expected waiting time and its gap leads to customers’ overall evaluation of service. A customer’s willingness to accept delay is related to the causes for delay as explained by attribution theory. Approaching waiting time from a stress management theory, this paper provides service managers with various stress-reduction mechanisms such as giving customers advance notice of expected waiting time, speeding up pre-process waiting time, and acknowledging customers’ rights to quick service. These practical suggestions can aid service managers in reducing perceived waiting time, enhancing customers’ waiting experience, and improving queue management.     

Occupational conditions,self-care,and obesity among clergy in the United States

Prior research has shown that a variety of occupational conditions such as long work hours are associated with increased likelihood of obesity. In this study, we use the specific case of the clergy to explore how occupational conditions are linked to increased or decreased odds of being obese. We hypothesize that stressful conditions are associated with increased odds of obesity and that self-care practices are associated with decreased odds. Using the 2008/9 U.S. Congregational Life Survey’s national sample of clergy from multiple religious traditions, we find support for our hypotheses. Clergy who experience more stress, work more hours, or are bi-vocational have higher odds of obesity. Those who take a day off each week, have taken a sabbatical, or are involved in a support group experience lower odds. For Protestant clergy, being involved in a support group or taking a day off moderates the association between certain stressful occupational conditions and obesity.     

新疆维吾尔族大学生压力及应对特点

使用《青少年自评生活事件量表》和《应付方式问卷》对新疆837名维吾尔族大学生进行调查。发现以下问题：维吾尔族大学二年级学生比其它年级学生承担更多的学习压力、健康适应压力;多数维吾尔族大学生能积极地应对压力,但低年级维吾尔族大学生比高年级学生更多地采用自责和幻想的应对方式;维吾尔族男生比维吾尔族女生承担更多的人际关系等诸多方面的压力,更多地使用退避和合理化的应对方式。     

Konfliktcoaching in der Gruppe Trainingskonzept und Erfahrungsbericht

Conflict coaching in groups. A training concept and a case study The following article lines out and discusses the main contents of a workshop on conflict coaching in groups: focussing on conflict and conflict related issues, relaxation training, forms of targeting, solving strategies, cognitive restructuring and personal change processes. The experience shows, that conflict coaching can be very well practised in a group setting.     

心理健康教学中的心理训练

在《大学生心理学》课堂教学中结合系统的心理训练 ,并在教学前后对学生施测了《症状自评量表》(SCL - 90 )。结果证实学生们做到了心理学理性知识和感性知识的良好结合 ,在自我意识、人际关系、压力应对等方面有了实质性的进步。证明了在课堂教学中配合相应的心理训练是心理健康教育的一种有效方式     

Effects of interventions for women and their partners to reduce or prevent stress and anxiety: A systematic review

BackgroundThe period from conception to two years postpartum (the first 1000 days) represents a normative transitional period, which can be potentially stressful for some parents. Parental stress and anxiety adversely impacts psychological and physical health for parents and children.AimThe aim of this review is to systematically examine effects of interventions for women and their partners to reduce or prevent stress and/or anxiety during the first 1000 days.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Maternity and Infant Care were searched from inception to March 2019. Randomised controlled trials examining intervention effects on parental stress and/or anxiety during first 1000 days were eligible for inclusion. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers and narratively synthesised.FindingsFifteen interventions, reported in 16 studies, met inclusion criteria (n = 1911 participants). Overall, findings were inconsistent and the majority of trials demonstrated high risk of bias. Interventions were predominantly delivered to women during pregnancy and only two studies included fathers. There was some evidence that adapting interventions to the pre and postnatal periods provided benefits for stress and anxiety reduction, however there was limited evidence for individual intervention types or approaches.ConclusionsThere is currently inconsistent evidence of what interventions are most effective for women during the first 1000 days and there is insufficient evidence for any interventions for male partners during this period. There is a clear need for rigorous development and examination of interventions developed specifically to reduce or prevent stress and/or anxiety across the first 1000 days.     

Supported,detached, or marginalized? The ambivalent role of social capital on stress at work

Relationships with work colleagues can mitigate job stress; this article proposes a new perspective on such effects, in accordance with social capital theory, to delineate the potentially distinct impacts of the two dimensions of relational and structural social capital. A partial least squares analysis of network data in a medium-sized company (N = 343) offers evidence of an effect of the relational dimension (tie strength), through social support. The structural dimension (bridging ties, i.e. whether an employee has social ties with members of other departments) reveals a dual effect involving reduced stress but also diminished social support, which can increase stress. These dual effects reflect the two levels on which bridging ties act, namely, cognitive (selfdistancing) and social (marginalization from the immediate work context) levels. Next, with two scenario-based experiments (N = 289 and 245), the authors manipulate bridging ties and gain further evidence of the proposed mechanisms. These findings highlight the social underpinnings of stress and the critical role of the structure, not just the quality, of work relationships. They also identify a dark side of bridging ties, which can enhance individual performance but also create the potential for negative wellbeing outcomes.     

Stress–strength reliability of a non-identical-component-strengths system based on upper record values from the family of Kumaraswamy generalized distributions

In an attempt to produce more realistic stress–strength models, this article considers the estimation of stress–strength reliability in a multi-component system with non-identical component strengths based on upper record values from the family of Kumaraswamy generalized distributions. The maximum likelihood estimator of the reliability, its asymptotic distribution and asymptotic confidence intervals are constructed. Bayes estimates under symmetric squared error loss function using conjugate prior distributions are computed and corresponding highest probability density credible intervals are also constructed. In Bayesian estimation, Lindley approximation and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method are employed due to lack of explicit forms. For the first time using records, the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator and the closed form of Bayes estimator using conjugate and non-informative priors are derived for a common and known shape parameter of the stress and strength variates distributions. Comparisons of the performance of the estimators are carried out using Monte Carlo simulations, the mean squared error, bias and coverage probabilities. Finally, a demonstration is presented on how the proposed model may be utilized in materials science and engineering with the analysis of high-strength steel fatigue life data.