博弈论的逻辑和认知基础

当代博弈论研究的重要课题是其逻辑和认知基础问题。知识模型的提出,澄清了博弈均衡与认知条件的关系。关于共同知识、共同信念的分析开拓了博弈论分析视野,推进了对冲突和合作的科学理解。从博弈均衡分析到认知逻辑分析、交互主体认识论的发展,表明博弈论的逻辑、认知以及哲学基础的深化,预示它正在成为社会科学的统一分析框架。     

中德婚姻市场供需情况的比较研究

本文从概念、形成机制、度量方法、后果及其解决途径等方面探讨了婚姻挤压问题 ,考虑到婚姻挤压对婚姻寿命、初婚人数及其性别差异的影响而创立了婚姻寿命指数与初婚挤压指数两指标 ,提出了婚姻市场类型的划分标准。通过对中德两国婚姻市场的历史与现状的考察 ,揭示了中德两国婚姻挤压产生的原因、类型、差异和未来的变化趋势 ,并对如何化解中国未来婚姻市场的供求矛盾提出了对策与建议     

The covariance of the backward and forward recurrence times in a renewal process: the stationary case and asymptotics for the ordinary case

In a Poisson process, it is well-known that the forward and backward recurrence times at a given time point t are independent random variables. In a renewal process, although the joint distribution of these quantities is known (asymptotically), it seems that very few results regarding their covariance function exist. In the present paper, we study this covariance and, in particular, we state both necessary and sufficient conditions for it to be positive, zero or negative in terms of reliability classifications and the coefficient of variation of the underlying inter-renewal and the associated equilibrium distribution. Our results apply either for an ordinary renewal process in the steady state or for a stationary process.     

Analysing facilitating and hindering factors for implementing gender equality interventions in R&I: Structures and processes

This article analyses the facilitating and hindering factors that have affected the implementation of gender equality interventions in research and innovation in Europe. It applies the evaluation framework developed in the EFFORTI project that recognizes the complexity of evaluating gender equality interventions in R&I, the importance of factoring in context to any sound evaluation as well as the need to distinguish between the design and implementation of interventions in evaluations. It is based on the analysis of 19 empirical case studies carried out throughout Europe and focuses on those structural and procedural factors that have either facilitated or hindered the implementation process of these interventions. Findings include how the governance framework; top-management commitment; bottom-up participation; framing synergies with other initiatives, strategies for tackling resistance; resources; sustainability of actions; gender competence, experience and knowledge and transparency, targets, standards and monitoring; and accessible data and information all contributed to the successful implementation of the interventions.     

基于心智模型的恐怖主义袭击扩展式演化博弈分析

政府反恐措施与恐怖分子袭击手段存在着相互观察、适应性演化的过程。本文首先构建了政府作为先行动者、恐怖分子作为后行动者的斯塔克伯格博弈模型,进一步建立了恐怖袭击问题的扩展式演化博弈模型。由于扩展式演化博弈的均衡分析需要考虑代际内和代际间不同层次的信念学习,造成了演化分析的复杂性。本文将"心智模型"概念引入到演化博弈,采取了心智模型演化解的分析方法,得出了简化后的演化均衡解。最后,结合新疆墨玉县6.28暴恐事件进行算例分析,比较怀特流形演化解和心智模型演化解的差异。心智模型演化解的结果表明,根据恐怖分子群体中选择袭击比例是否高于临界值,政府策略收敛到防御或者不防御。该求解方法通过将普遍接受的社会规范引入到演化过程分析,不仅简化了怀特流形的分析过程,而且均衡解展示了更为丰富的、更为切合实际管理问题的演化特征。     

基于供需平衡的农民非农就业模式探析

解决三农问题的关键之一是农村剩余劳动力的非农就业问题。农民非农就业模式应着眼于实现政府、企业与农民三者的联动。政府应使产业结构合理化,并加大对农村的投入力度,实现城乡协调发展。中小企业要保持竞争优势,增加非农就业需求农民应提高就业能力,向劳动力市场提供有效供给。     

产品差异化对市场结构的影响分析——基于演化经济学的观点

以双占垄断为例,产品差异化对市场结构的影响具有以下几个方面:(1)完全垄断可能是同质产品竞争的结果;(2)尽管产品差异化不能排除完全垄断的存在,但是从长期看,它极大增加了厂商共存的可能性;(3)产品差异化程度越大,双占寡头的结构越稳定。     

不同的电力交易模式对电力市场均衡的影响分析

本文采用经济学理论中的局部均衡分析方法,对目前电力市场交易中普遍采用的电力库与双边交易下可能形成的电力市场均衡,包括均衡价格与均衡数量形成进行了比较分析。得出的初步结论:一是电力交易模式的设计对电力市场结构的形成有直接影响;二是均衡电价的形成受到垄断势力影响,并向有利于垄断势力强的一方变动;三是相对于双边交易而言,电力库下的市场垄断势力更强。     

现代化发展的失衡与危机--阿根廷"新自由主义"改革的再思考

1989-2001年阿根廷的"新自由主义"改革历程,证明了经济与政治的不均衡发展是导致发展中国家陷入现代化困境的重要因素之一;经济现代化具有天然的不均衡性,国家必须实现政治发展,以政治上的均衡手段,即通过提供更加完整、更加充盈、公正的均衡性公共物品,消除或减轻经济现代化 的不均衡后果,引导经济现代化的正确发展方向.     

Does the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership contribute to regional integration?

The paper investigates whether Southern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern markets under the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership (Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Malta, and Turkey) have become more financially integrated with the European stock market over time. The findings suggest that the Turkish equity market is moderately integrated with the European market, while the other economies exhibit weak financial integration with Europe, supporting the idea that the partnership appears to have no effect on enhancing inter-market linkages for these economies. Therefore, these markets would be good destinations for international investors seeking attractive investment opportunities to diversify their equity portfolios. Structural changes in the cross-market integration do exist, which may be considered as a guide for international equity portfolio diversification over different subperiods. In addition, there is evidence of an increasing trend in conditional correlations for Egypt and Turkey, to varying degrees, over time, notably during the post global financial crisis of 2007–2008, thus revealing herding behavior during this period. Overall, investors should be wary of the variation of equity market integration over time before engaging in an investment at the level of portfolio management and diversification. Policymakers must be aware of the remoteness of the current achievements of the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership from the targets set in terms of financial development and economic growth.