Effects of the implementation of information technology on employees' strain and job satisfaction: a context-dependent approach

The effects on staff of the implementation of new office information technology were investigated in ten companies in Vienna using a longitudinal design. Strain and satisfaction of 331 employees (implementation sample: n = 212; control sample: n = 119) were measured at five points in time over a period of 22 months. The study is based on a context-dependent approach. Personal factors (individual differences, external load) were assessed by questionnaires, and situational factors (job design, implementation content and implementation context) by objective measures. The impact of these factors on employees' strain responses was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). While the implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables, a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. The data suggest that negative effects of implementations must be expected if (1) adaptational demands do not include the enhancement of employee qualifications, (2) character-based user interfaces are not replaced, and (3) employees have few or no opportunities to participate in the implementation process.     

国际化语境中学术期刊要素均衡论

运用理论逻辑分析方法,分别从学术测评机制、运营规制、办刊理念、业务品质、特色品质、技术品质、语用方式、专业盘整、政府角色、操作模式等十项要素入手,着力探讨在国际化语境中,中国学术期刊可能遭遇的诸多微观路径间关联度的评估问题。     

Measurement Problems of Inflation Disaggregation

Why do the three quarterly GNP inflation measures differ so much when they are constructed from the same underlying price data? Algebraically and in tables using data of the second quarter of 1984, it is shown that these differences occur because of quarterly shifts in the composition of the nation's product. Disaggregation of the inflation contributions of the GNP components also makes it clear why, for quarterly analyses, the GNP chain price index is superior to both the implicit GNP deflator and the fixed-weight GNP price index. In particular, the implicit GNP deflator can give severely distorted inflation signals.     

Analysis of structural equation models with exact and stochastic constraints using a bayesian approach

In this paper, multisample analyses of exactand stochastic constraints with identified structural equation models are investigated using a Bayesian approach. Asymptotic properties of the estimates are developed and a multiplier method is employed to obtain the solution. A numerical example is also included as an illustration.     

Time-Varying Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models

Nonlinear regime-switching behavior and structural change are often perceived as competing alternatives to linearity. In this article we study the so-called time-varying smooth transition autoregressive (TV-STAR) model, which can be used both for describing simultaneous nonlinearity and structural change and for distinguishing between these features. Two modeling strategies for empirical specification of TV-STAR models are developed. Monte Carlo simulations show that neither of the two strategies dominates the other. A specific-to-general-to-specific procedure is best suited for obtaining a first impression of the importance of nonlinearity and/or structural change for a particular time series. A specific-to-general procedure is most useful in careful specification of a model with nonlinear and/or time-varying properties. An empirical application to a large dataset of U.S. macroeconomic time series illustrates the relative merits of both modeling strategies.     

震后交通管制下基于用户均衡条件的救灾路径选择

震后如何确定有效的救灾路径是救灾管理部门的一项核心工作。本文综合考虑灾区路网受损以及为避免交通拥挤而实施交通管制情况,进行震后救灾路径选择,以提高救援成效,并尽量减少对非灾民的影响。为此,建立了用户均衡交通量指派条件下以救灾路径旅行时间最短和因交通管制引起的扰民程度最小为目标的多目标救灾路径选择模型,并设计了一种两阶段启发式算例进行求解。最后以Sioux Falls路网为例对模型和算法进行验证,并与NSGA-II算法进行了比较,结果表明:该算法在求解效率上与其他启发式算法相比具有显著的优势。     

Cournot模型与Stackelberg模型性质的研究

在完全信息静态与动态博弈Ｃｏｕｒｎｏｔ模型和Ｓｔａｃｋｅｌｂｅｒｇ模型的线性需求假设下的结论基础上，分析了在非线性需求假设下上述模型的一些性质，比较了线性与非线性需求情况下关于先发优势的不同结论。说明了在非线性需求下，企业生产是先行者利益还是后行者利益既取决于该商品的需求函数，也取决该生产商品需求的价格弹性。     

A Plea For Greater Attention on the Data in Policy Analysis

The technical difficulties associated with building and solving applied general equilibrium (GE) models seem to have distracted our attention from the data. In this article, we forcefully stress that whatever the sophistication of the GE analysis, it is only worth the quality of the supporting data it utilizes. We first highlight an example of a flagrant flaw in officially published input–output data (factor–income shares) by an LDC (Turkey), which many researchers use without question. We then make use of an applied GE model to evaluate the dynamic gains for Turkey from currently debated trade policy options and compare the predictions using conservatively adjusted, rather than official, data on factor shares. We show that the predicted welfare gains are not only of a different order of magnitude, but in some cases, of a different sign; hence, suggesting contradictory policy recommendations.     

高等学校教育评价机制的博弈分析

高等学校为了检查、监督教师的教学情况,普遍采取学生对教师评价的策略,那么这种策略的可行性如何,是否起到激发教师工作热情的作用,学校应该采取什么方法才能调动教师工作积极性呢？针对以上问题利用博弈分析法建立教师—学生教学—高校—教师管理两个博弈模型,并进行均衡条件分析,结果显示高校只有采用评分和奖惩相结合的策略,才能真正激励教师的工作热情。