Giving voice to experiences: parental maltreatment of black children in the context of societal racism

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to explore the ways in which black children who have been maltreated within their families come to voice to tell their stories. A discussion of black children's recovery from maltreatment necessitates understanding how they interpret and name their experiences as abusive. Research indicates that while many factors mediate the effects of abuse on children's development, telling your story about childhood trauma is critical in the healing process for promoting psychological well‐being. However, what does the naming and speaking of trauma entail for black children when the broader context of their lived realities is embedded in racism that confers on them a stigmatized status? Where black children's lived experiences encompass the complexity of societal racism as a mutually reinforcing and contradictory reality in their lives, their capacity to name the maltreatment they experience will be particularly problematic. Essentially, parents’ issues silence children and can encourage them to block out painful emotions, ultimately putting their emotional and psychological well‐being at risk. Taking race and gender as benchmarks for analysis, the complexities involved in giving voice to childhood maltreatment are discussed to consider how these dynamics contribute to black children's resilience and adaptive behaviours in the aftermath of abuse.     

Bad news indeed for Ryff’s six-factor model of well-being

Springer and Hauser (An Assessment of the Construct Validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being: Method, Mode, and Measurement Effects. 2006. Social Science Research 35) tested one key aspect of the validity of Ryff’s six-factor model of psychological well-being (RPWB), namely, whether there is substantial independent variation among the six factors. In several large and heterogeneous samples, under a variety of model specifications, and using various sets of RPWB items, we found very high factor correlations among the dimensions of well-being, especially personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and environmental mastery. That is, the six-factor model makes theoretical claims that do not yield large or consistent empirical distinctions when standard measures and instrumentation are used. Where Ryff and Singer’s comment (Best News Yet on the Six-Factor Model of Well-Being. 2006. Social Science Research 35) refers directly to that analysis, their methodological discussion is most often irrelevant or incorrect. Their text largely ignores and fails to challenge our strong empirical findings about the factorial structure of well-being. In this response, we reinforce these findings and their implications for the (in)validity of the six-factor well-being model as implemented by Ryff. We also explain why Ryff and Singer’s lengthy review of studies that show differential relationships of RPWB factors with other variables should be interpreted with far greater caution than Ryff and Singer recognize. We offer recommendations for analyzing RPWB items in surveys that have already been conducted, but we also emphasize the need for a thorough rethinking of the measurement and dimensionality of psychological well-being.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

认识发生过程中的社会作用机制——兼谈此问题的认识论意义

建立在人类社会实践基础上的人类社会历史文化成果之总和 ,通过社会传递机制被内化为主体的主观因素。主观因素在认识发生过程中对感性信息材料具有选择和建构作用。研究认识发生过程中的社会作用机制是马克思主义认识论的本质要求     

Confidence Intervals for a Binomial Parameter after Observing No Successes

The easily computed, one-sided confidence interval for the binomial parameter provides the basis for an interesting classroom example of scientific thinking and its relationship to confidence intervals. The upper limit can be represented as the sample proportion from a number of “successes” in a future experiment of the same sample size. The upper limit reported by most people corresponds closely to that producing a 95 percent classical confidence interval and has a Bayesian interpretation.     

Quality of Life and Well-Being of Single Parent Families:

This discussion brings together the multiple factors that impact single parent families and effect their overall quality of life and well-being. Influential variables were identified and organized at three levels-institutional, interpersonal, and individual. A model was devel- oped that included the most salient determinants of single parent family well-being. These included cultural norms and values, health of family members, social and demographic factors, individual per- sonal characteristics, social support networks, and social institutions such as the law, the economy, the polity (represented in the formation of public policy) and education. Variables associated with the noncus- todial (nonresidential) parent also were identified as affecting the quality of life of single parent family members. In combination these factors help establish, maintain, and change the environment within which single parents raise their families.     

社会比较、时间比较对老年人主观幸福感的影响研究

基于2015年中国综合社会调查数据,采用标准有序Logistic模型,检验分析了比较对老年人主观幸福的影响。研究发现:主观幸福感是一个比较的概念,其关键在于比较,社会比较和时间比较对老年人主观幸福感具有显著正向影响;对比效应是解释老年人主观幸福感的心理机制;时间比较对不同老年人主观幸福感的影响存在异质性,心理不健康、多子女、家庭经济地位高、文化程度低的老年人的主观幸福感影响更大;生活保障、社会公平等宏观制度因素对老年人主观幸福影响显著。据此提出,推进老年人继续教育、再就业等工作,提升老年人的获得感;加大民生建设,丰富老年人精神文化生活;通过政策倾斜与人文关怀重点关注弱势老年人群体;重点推进生活保障、社会公平等宏观制度建设。     

高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的影响机理研究

基于对782名服务业和制造业员工进行的调查,分析了高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的影响及作用机制。研究表明,高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的积极影响不是直接的,工作幸福感的核心概念——积极情绪和工作满意度在其中起完全中介作用,而消极情绪的中介作用未得到支持。研究发现,高绩效工作系统实质上是动机激励的工作环境塑造系统,由此形成了激发员工内在工作动机和积极心理体验的组织环境。此外,进一步揭示了工作幸福感是促进员工敬业的关键环节,启示组织应加强员工工作中的情感管理,塑造员工积极的心理力量,从而构建幸福组织。     

Third Shift Women in Business-Owning Families

Using data from the 1997 National Family Business Survey (NFBS), this study identifies factors associated with married women’s employment involvement in business-owning families. While focusing on married women in a third shift situation—working for the family business, for the marketplace, and for managing the household—this study compares business and family characteristics by women’s employment status. The results of multinomial logit regression analysis indicated that family cash flow problems, presence of children age under 6, age of women, business assets, age of business, home-based family business, establishment of business, and industry type were significant predictors of women’s employment decision. The results of the study have further implications for women in a third shift situation among business-owning families.Yoon G. Lee, Utah State University, 2905 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-2905, USA; e-mail: yoonlee@cc.usu.edu.Gong-Soog Hong, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1295, USA; e-mail: ghong@hec.ohio-state.edu.Barbara R. Rowe, Utah State University, 2949 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-2949, USA; e-mail: browe@ext.usu.edu.     

Rota-Risk-Profile-Analysis

In this article an update of the Rota-Risk-Profile-Analysis (RRPA) is presented. This RRPA is based on 9 rota-risk criteria that are central to a more encompassing rota theory. The RRPA allows coherent assessment of the physical and social risks of a working-time schedule (rota). comparison of schedules with one another in quantitative terms and interpretations of possible differential effects more adequately. First, a closer look at the instrument-a computer program-is taken. Afterwards the criteria and their way of implementation are discussed briefly. To get an impression of the way that RRPA functions an example will be given by applying the instrument to the working rotas from a study on shiftwork in the Netherlands.