我国流动性过剩的货币经济学分析

从货币经济学的角度考察流动性过剩问题,可将流动性过剩定义为存量货币供给相对于存量货币需求的过剩。全球经济发展的不平衡以及各国货币政策的不协调导致全球流动性过剩,国际资本通过外汇占款和其他途径进入我国成为我国货币供给过多的外部原因。从内部来看,1998年以来长期积累的巨大货币存量是理解当前流动性过剩的关键。当居民资产发生结构性调整,减少持有货币资产而增加非货币资产,又会导致有效货币需求的不足。流动性过剩不仅会产生资产价格泡沫并给金融体系带来潜在风险,还造成经济结构的扭曲,对实体经济产生深层次影响。     

供应链金融模式下的信用风险评价

以往银行对中小企业信用风险评价主要是把单个企业作为主体,关注企业的财务数据,而在供应链金融融资模式中,对中小企业风险的认识和评价则换了一个新的视角.本文研究了在供应链金融模式下的信用风险评价,提出了考虑主体评级和债项评级的信用风险评价体系,用主成分分析法和Logistic回归方法建立信用风险评价模型,减少目前对供应链金融业务评价大多依靠专家评价的局限,并通过比较供应链金融融资模式和传统银行授信模式下的中小企业守约概率的不同,揭示了供应链金融在一定程度上缓解了中小企业的融资困境,并提出应加强对客户基础数据库的建设,从而有利于对现有信用评价体系的修正和完善,提高其准确性.     

Price competition,cost and demand disruptions and coordination of a supply chain with one manufacturer and two competing retailers

This paper studies the coordination of a supply chain with one manufacturer and two competing retailers after the production cost of the manufacturer was disrupted. We consider two coordination mechanisms: an all-unit quantity discount and an incremental quantity discount. For each mechanism, we develop the conditions under which the supply chain is coordinated and discuss how the cost disruption may affect the coordination mechanisms. For the all-unit quantity discount scheme, we find that the manufacturer charges the lower-cost retailer for a lower unit wholesale price in order to induce him to order more products. If the costs of two retailers have a remarkable difference, then the all-unit quantity discount scheme cannot coordinate the supply chain with disruptions. While the cost disruption may affect the wholesale prices, order quantities as well as retail prices, it is optimal for the supply chain to keep the original coordination mechanism if the production cost change is sufficiently small. The model is also extended to the case with both cost and demand disruptions. The equilibrium strategies of the retailers are investigated when the manufacturer cannot timely react to the disruptions such that she has to keep the original mechanism. We illustrate the results by numerical examples.     

供应链管理对企业财务绩效的影响研究

文章选取我国2001-2006年间实施过供应链管理的上市公司前后共4年(从实施前一年到实施后两年)的数据作为样本,运用事件关联影响研究法并剔除行业均值的影响后进行实证研究以探究我国企业实施供应链管理的受益程度。实证结果显示:只有实施后第二年较实施前一年企业的现金周转期平均缩短了14.7天;管理和销售费用占比平均下降了1.01个百分点;营业利润率平均提高了2.49个百分点。其它业绩指标均没有显著的变化。从相关和回归分析的结果看,现金周转期的缩短导致管理、销售费用占比的下降,从而显著地驱动营业利润率的提高。本文的研究结果部分地回答了信息技术生产率悖论的问题,无论对学术界还是实务界均具有一定的现实意义。     

Hidden obstacles to trade: The case of the EU’s Ban on beef hormones

Non-tariff measures (NTMs) have become a prominent issue in trade negotiations, especially in agriculture. For trade negotiations between the EU and U.S., beef has emerged as an important topic. To export to the EU, U.S. producers face a complex series of compliance costs that occur on multiple points along the supply chain. However, the current approach to measuring NTMs does so in an abstract manner; this paper applies a more detailed, supply chain (SC) approach to measure those costs. Our analysis finds that the SC approach comprehensively accounts for the different components of NTM costs and leads to more meaningful implications for interpreting the welfare impacts of removing NTMs.     

Sustainable supply chain network design: A case of the wine industry in Australia

This paper comes at a time when many companies and people are increasingly facing various global problems linked to sustainability challenges, and when the literature is still scarce on research incorporating all three dimensions of sustainability in supply chain analytical models. The paper conducts a case-based modeling study to address this gap in the area of supply chain network design. We investigate the wine supply chain and propose a generic model for sustainable wine supply chain network design encompassing economic, environmental and social objectives. The case company is a real large-sized wine company located in Australia, for which a customized model is provided. Both models are formulated as a multi-objective mixed-integer program and solved using the augmented ϵ-constraint method by CPLEX. Social implications of the feasible scenarios are examined through introducing social impact coefficients. Non-dominated solutions are obtained and some balanced scenarios are proposed. The results show trade-offs between the objectives, yet more interestingly demonstrate how large is the gap between the existing supply chain configuration and the proposed scenarios in terms of supply chain cost and emissions.     

Advance selling with freebies and limited production capacity

We consider a two-period pricing model in which a seller offers freebies along with the product when making advance sales, and production is constrained by capacity. The seller can offer freebies to increase both market base and customer׳s valuation toward the product in advance. The customers strategically determine whether to purchase the product in advance and gain freebies when their valuation on the product is uncertain, or delay their purchase decision until the regular selling period. We characterize the optimal pricing, quality level of the freebie and production quantity decisions that maximize the expected profits of the seller over the two periods.     

The impact of inter-organizational information systems-enabled external integration on capabilities of buyer–supplier dyads

Increasingly, firms are adopting two major supply chain management initiatives: to undertake external integration with supply chain partners and to implement inter-organizational information systems (IOSs). However, academic researchers have not adequately investigated effects of these types of initiatives. Using empirical data from 154 buyer–supplier dyads, we examined the direct and indirect effects (through external integration) of IOS usage on capabilities of buyer– supplier dyads. We found that external integration plays a mediating role in the relationship between IOS usage and capabilities of buyer– supplier dyad. This is the first study to investigate the effects of IOS usage and external integration on capabilities of buyer–supplier dyad.     

供应链中模糊多目标生产——配送计划模型及求解

供应链中的生产-配送协调优化已成为实践和学术界的热点。由于存在有冲突的多个目标和相关参数的模糊信息,传统的确定性方法不适于产生有效的解决方案。提出了用交互式双层规划模型来解决多重模糊目标的多产品和多工厂下的生产-配送规划决策问题,解决了同步最小化总成本和最小化配送时间。算例验证了不确定环境下的模糊多目标生产-配送模型的有效性。     

我国供销合作社的经济性质之谜

供销合作社是我国社会主义市场经济体系中的一类特殊流通组织。由于法律法规的缺失,导致供销合作社的经济属性模糊。根据国家相关政策的精神,供销合作社为集体经济性质。然而,考察供销合作社的历史演变可以看出,供销合作社只是名义上的合作经济组织。按照我国的经济现实,供销合作社应是处在政府、市场和农民之间,亦民、亦官、亦商的特殊经济组织。