Ethics of research design

Discussions of ethical issues in research involving human subjects most usually provoke concerns about valid informed consent procedures. However, considering the recognized limitations of informed consent, arguably the way a study is designed is a more consequential concern for subject well‐being. This paper summarizes ethical issues in the design of clinical research, with reference to historic and current guidelines. Special attention is given to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and psychiatric research.     

超越思辨的社会理想——马克思的伦理思想探析

马克思的实践哲学是在对亚里士多德实践哲学批判继承的基础上进行的理论重建。其特点是将政治抱负和伦理理想二者有机地统一起来，即在政治革命中实现其社会理想，在追求社会理想中指引现实的社会革命。西方传统哲学在本质上就是用思想把握世界，马克思则通过对劳动概念的解读实现了哲学观的变革，并进而超越了西方传统哲学。在此种变革中，劳动概念亦成为理解马克思伦理思想的关键。     

Some indications for professional development in social work: a study of theoretical interest and attitudes towards research among Icelandic social workers

This study among Icelandic social workers generally showed positive attitudes towards research activity in the field. Most respondents, whereof half were practice teachers, saw the practicum as an important tool for the integration of theoretical application and research activity to practice. Almost all saw research activity as a feasible way to empower social work as a profession. Simultaneously, a relatively small percentage report their own research activity. Besides this discrepancy some interesting differences were found according to number of years after graduation, field employment and experience as practice teachers. It is argued that the theme in focus is a critical indication of professional development and highly relevant for the educational discourse as for future professional development.     

论努尔哈赤伦理思想的特点

文章主要介绍了努尔哈赤的伦理思想所具有的民族性、兼容性、政治性的特点，论证了努尔哈赤伦理思想的民族性主要是对于女真社会伦理观念原始性的充分体现。兼容性主要体现在对儒家传统伦理观念的吸收，政治性主要体现在婚姻观与孝悌思想方面。从而得出了其伦理思想对后世社会产生的影响。     

Optimal Bayesian Randomization

Randomization is a puzzle for Bayesians. The intuitive need for randomization is clear, but there is a standard result that Bayesians need not randomize. In this paper we propose a model in which randomization is a strictly optimal procedure. The most important aspect of our model is that there are several parties who make different decisions and observe different data. The result also sheds light on the ethical considerations involving randomization in a clinical trial.     

浅析阿拉伯帝国未能产生重商主义的原因

重商主义的兴起为近代欧洲崛起、资本主义制度的确立奠定了基础。阿拉伯帝国曾具有某些发展重商主义的主、客观条件,但其疆域的拓展带来的物质上的优越性磨灭了大征服时代后阿拉伯人的进取心,继而先后沦为其它东方民族及后起的西方世界的猎物。社会结构的剧变导致经济模式的改变和重农主义的崛起。政治上的松散集权既不能有效动员体制内的力量进行国际竞争,又无法与体制外的力量建立联盟——像西欧一样发展产业城市、市民阶层。反对重利的伊斯兰经济伦理与由利己主义衍生出的重商主义格格不入。所有这些物质和精神上的动因相互作用,共同决定了阿拉伯帝国不能发展出西方意义上的重商主义。     

Analysis of perception of training in graduates of the Faculty of Medicine at Universidad de Castilla-Mancha

IntroductionProblem-based learning has been a key component of the teaching method employed at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Castilla La Mancha (UCLM) in Albacete, Spain since its creation. The aim of this study was to evaluate perceptions of training among residents who graduated from the first three years of the UCLM Degree in Medicine.MethodsUsing the Jefferson Medical College postgraduate rating form, residents rated their performance in four areas of clinical competency (medical knowledge, data gathering skills, clinical judgment, and professional attitudes) at the beginning of residency training in comparison with colleagues from other faculties. The construct validity of responses was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis.ResultsOver half the respondents (57.8%) considered that they had received better training than peers from other medical schools, and 98.5% felt that their general performance in the four competencies analyzed was similar or superior to that of their colleagues. Factor analysis revealed two major factors: “the physician as scientist” and “the physician as manager and communicator”.ConclusionsOur study shows that graduates from the UCLM Faculty of Medicine perceive their training, which is largely based on problem-based learning, as satisfactory.     

Preparing social workers as reporters of suspected child maltreatment

Social workers are an important source of reports to child protective services in the United States (US). However, it is unclear what role social work education plays in preparing social workers for this responsibility. The current study explores how undergraduate and graduate social work programs in the US prepare students as reporters. This study found that while almost all programs that participated in this study provide students with some content related to their role as reporters of child maltreatment, there are varying ways such content is provided, and many avenues for improvement. International implications are highlighted.     

《论语》中的诚信思想及其现代意义

《论语》不仅对什么是诚信以及诚信的政治和社会意义作了概括 ,而且对如何实现诚信作了归纳。挖掘和整理这一思想 ,对于加强社会主义道德建设具有十分重要的现实意义     

美国教师专业发展学校对我国教育发展的经验与启示

产生于20世纪80年代末期的美国教师专业发展学校(Professional Development School,简称PDS)是由大学与中小学合作,以中小学为基地,融职前教师培养、在职教师培训和学校改革为一体的教师教育新模式,强调学校是教师专业发展的场所,关注大学与中小学的有效合作。本文主要新解美国教师专业发展学校(PDS)的成功经验并反思其教育性启示。