对达米特意义理论的异议

在构造自己意义理论过程中,达米特的许多观点也受到了学界质疑:达米特并没有提出一个完整的意义理论,它只是一个修正性的建议。他的意义理论与逻辑实证主义的理论是否有区别?不可判定语句的真值条件真的不可显示吗?把关于数学陈述的意义理论推广到非数学的领域是否适当?我们只有正视这些批评,并关注达米特对这些批评的回应,这样我们才可能对达米特的意义理论有一个全面、合理的评价。     

Patterns of working and living conditions: a holistic, multivariate approach to occupational health studies

The objective of the study was to develop a multivariate approach to occupational health studies that is: capable of identifying groups with similar working conditions; relevant for studies of associations between working and living conditions and health; and an appropriate basis for preventive actions. Data at the individual level were obtained through measurements, observations, interviews and questionnaires, and at the organizational level, through interviews with managers. Cluster analyses were applied with the purpose of identifying groups of individuals with small, within-group differences. Eighty work sites and a sample of employees at each site were strategically selected. The study group comprised 203 men and women, and was characterized by large variation. The final analysis produced eight clusters of individuals, denoted according to their best-defining characteristic, i.e. 'decent', 'boundary-less', 'locked', 'exposed', 'heavy and monotonous', 'changed', 'mobile' and 'restrained'. The clusters differed with regard to 'what' characterized working conditions, 'where' on the labour market they were found, and 'who' clustered in these groups. The holistic approach revealed conditions that were important for health and had higher explanatory power in relation to ill-health than applying socio-economic groupings or the demand-control-support model. It showed how psychosocial, ergonomic-physical and occupational hygiene factors combine and interact to create settings with different risks of ill-health. The chosen strategy is recommended for future occupational health studies and is particularly suitable as guidance for preventive actions relevant to specific clusters of working and living conditions.     

“法律真实”与“客观真实”论争之检讨－－兼论刑事诉讼证明标准体系

客观真实说与法律真实说由论争到折中的转变,证明两者实质上是一回事,可以融合生长,实现优势互补.我国证明标准缺陷问题主要是体系问题,以此为突破口,可以在坚持客观真实理论基础上吸收法律真实之逻辑性、层级性和规律性等优势,完善有罪判决证明标准,进而重构我国的证明标准体系.     

城市外来人口居住条件对其健康影响之考察——以上海为例

本文利用上海2008年的抽样调查数据,考察了一个特别重要但是长期被忽视的群体——城市外来人口居住条件和健康的问题。通过与本地居民的对比,发现外来人口的身心健康好于本地居民,但在居住条件、尤其是住房条件各方面均表现出对本地居民的明显劣势。回归分析结果说明,控制人口和社会经济变量,居住条件的确是影响城市外来人口健康的重要社会因素之一,但对于不同的健康指标,不同居住条件变量作用的大小和方向有所不同。此外,对居住条件与户籍身份的交互作用分析显示,居住条件对城市外来人口健康的影响总体上弱于对本地居民健康的影响,不同的居住条件变量对城市外来人口与本地居民健康的影响关系有所不同。这一结论将有助于政府部门制定更加适合外来人口的改善居住条件与健康状况的相关政策。     

庄子与柏拉图的真实观比较——庄子诗性真实的现代意义

庄子关于真实的思想主要体现在＂真性＂、＂真知＂和＂真人＂这三个层面;而柏拉图的真实观则可以从感性真实、理性真实和神性真实三种维度来理解。文章通过比较他们的真实观,指出柏拉图的真实观在有助于推动科学思维的同时,也为主客二分等一系列问题埋下隐患;而庄子的真实观尽管于理性认知方面存在相对缺失,但其特有的诗性气质,将有助于消解现代化过程中所遇到的种种问题,诸如：科技至上、工具理性以及心灵空虚等。     

李商隐爱情诗与佛学义理的契合

李商隐一生经历了三次感情生活的波折,其间对佛教所说的求不得苦、爱别离苦等佛教真谛认识较深。其爱情诗的思想基调与佛教义理在某种程度上有一定的契合,这种契合或许不是非常清晰的,但在精神感悟层面上可谓是相通的。     

汉语指令行为的逻辑语义分析

随着二十世纪西方哲学的"语言学转向",言语行为逐步成为语言哲学、语言逻辑以及语用学共同关注的重要问题。作为一种重要的言语行为,指令行为的逻辑研究具有重要意义,本文将从预设、真值、形式刻画等三方面入手,细致探讨汉语指令行为的逻辑语义,以期为言语行为的逻辑研究提供帮助。     

碎片之下的硬核——《玻璃山》后现代知识分子形象的解读

作为一部典型的后现代作品,巴塞尔姆的小说《玻璃山》以其荒诞破碎的形式做出一个拒绝阐释的姿态.但本文认为小说中无名的“我”登爬玻璃山寻找“美丽的着了魔的象征”的形象和过程,正是该作品阐释空间的核心所在.作品极简的叙事形式和语言虽然对应了一个人文精神日渐式微,真理崇高被不断消解的迷混时代,但在其碎片化的背后仍坚守着后现代知识分子对理想的执着,凸显了西方知识分子传统的独立精神和对真理永不放弃的追问.     

大众文化与文化形态转换

大众文化是人类文化历史发展的一个重要阶段,它的兴起标志着由等级文化形态向平等化的文化形态的转型,是人民群众文化权利的重要实现形式.大众文化具有民主和多元化的品格;大众文化形态下的文化真理性在于它与人们的现实生活实践之间的关系,在于通过文本间的比较来揭示彼此的真理性限度.我们既要正视大众文化存在和发展的必然性,又要对它进行合理规范和引导.     

Truth and Indigenous Cosmopolitics in Shangrila

As this article shows, cadres involved in the ‘discovery’ of Shangrila in Yunnan were well aware of the fictional origins of the name. In arguments for changing the name of Zhongdian county to Xianggelila, scientific facts were coupled with literary truths about the Shangri-La of the 1930s novel Lost Horizon, grounded in material reality. In their efforts to make Shangrila meaningful locally, cadres associated Shangrila with the hidden land of Shambhala, appealing to a spiritual reality ultimately knowable only to visionaries. We can thus talk about three different logics of truth (scientific, literary and visionary) and two different realities (material and spiritual) of concern to the ‘making up’ of Shangrila.