论公共政策执行变异的成因与对策

公共政策执行在政策过程中具有十分重要的意义。然而由于多方面的原因,当前政策执行中出现了诸多变异行为,严重影响了公共政策目标的实现。因此,必须积极采取措施,治理公共政策执行中的变异行为。     

公共权益合理避让问题评议——以新闻传播的视角

公共权益避让是现代司法的重要理念，新闻传播活动中也涉及到公共权益的避让问题。公共权益的合理避让会促成社会诸权益的关系和谐，达到司法保护的平衡，进而实现社会民主与公正。在新闻传播活动中，公共权益的避让应注意遵循长远平衡、定时平衡和弱势保护的原则，以达到公共权益避让的良好效果。     

公共产品供给机制创新及其法律规制

供给机制不完善是造成公共产品供求矛盾的一个根本原因。现行单向的决策机制、一元的供给主体和垄断性供给方式带来诸多弊端。创新供给机制,建立自下而上多利益中心决策机制、建立包括政府、市场和第三部门在内的多元化供给主体机制和供给方式。法律规制中应赋予不同利益组织参与决策权,主体间供给责任分配。规制法律既有公法还包括私法,并遵循双重利益平衡和充分竞争原则。     

农户对农村公共服务的需求意愿分析 ———基于一项全国范围农户调查的实证研究

文章基于一项关于农户对农村公共服务需求意愿的全国范围的调查数据，分析了农户对农村义务教育、农村医疗卫生、农村社会保障、农村文化事业、农村劳动力技能培训这5种农村公共服务的整体需求意愿及不同特征农户需求意愿的差别、农户对5种农村公共服务各个方面要素的需求意愿以及农户对5种农村公共服务需求的优先序。研究结果表明农户对5种农村公共服务的整体需求意愿并不相同，对农村劳动力技能培训的需求最强烈，不同特征的农户的需求意愿也不相同。另外与其他农村公共产品相比，农户对文章所研究的5种农村公共服务的需求意愿比较强烈。     

“台湾老兵”的婚姻状况调查及原因分析——以浙江籍“台湾老兵”为个案

“台湾老兵”问题是历史留存于海峡两岸的中国社会的特殊问题，而婚姻问题又是“台湾老兵”中最突出的问题。文章以浙江籍“台湾老兵”为个案，调查了他们去台湾前后的婚姻状况，并分析了造成大多数“台湾老兵”在台湾孤单度过大半辈子、甚至一辈子的原因。     

我国环境影响评价公众参与制度中若干问题之评析

环境影响评价是预防环境污染和生态破坏的重要法律制度,公众参与是国内外环境保护领域的一项基本法律原则,对于环境影响评价制度的有效推行以及公共环境纠纷的防范具有重要意义。我国现有立法难以有效保障公众对环境影响评价的参与权的实现。因此,需要进一步明确参与环境影响评价的公众的范围和类型,扩大公众参与环境影响评价的范围,完善公众参与环境影响评价的方式,提高公众参与环境影响评价的效力。     

Tree health mapping with multispectral remote sensing data at UC Davis, California

Tree health is a critical parameter for evaluating urban ecosystem health and sustainability. Traditionally, this parameter has been derived from field surveys. We used multispectral remote sensing data and GIS techniques to determine tree health at the University of California, Davis. The study area (363 ha) contained 8,962 trees of 215 species. Tree health conditions were mapped for each physiognomic type at two scales: pixel and whole tree. At the pixel scale, each tree pixel within the tree crown was classified as either healthy or unhealthy based on vegetation index values. At the whole tree scale, raster based statistical analysis was used to calculate tree health index which is the ratio of healthy pixels to entire tree pixels within the tree crown. The tree was classified as healthy if the index was greater than 70%. Accuracy was checked against a random sample of 1,186 trees. At the whole tree level, 86% of campus trees were classified as healthy with 88% mapping accuracy. At the pixel level, 86% of the campus tree cover was classified as healthy. This tree health evaluation approach allows managers to identify the location of unhealthy trees for further diagnosis and treatment. It can be used to track the spread of disease and monitor seasonal or annual changes in tree health. Also, it provides tree health information that is fundamental to modeling and analysis of the environmental, social, and economic services produced by urban forests.     

Pluralism and Universality of Environmental Discourse: The Dilemma Between Damage Caused by the Japanese Macaque and its Protection

Abstract:  The subject of this paper is to describe the complexity of relations between man and wild monkeys, which causes difficulties in forming a social consensus related to their conservation and management. To present how the relations are in everyday life, and how they are simplified in universal discursive spaces, interviews and a questionnaire survey have been conducted. As a result, it is clarified that there are three kinds of discursive spaces, that of politics, natural science, and residents. People who share the land with wild monkeys have various terms and stories about their relations with monkeys. The monkeys have various values in the discourse of residents, including many troubles. The existence of monkeys is vivid and close, and can be described as "accessible" nature. However, in discussion of politics or natural sciences, there is less diversity in monkeys' values. In these discursive spaces, monkeys are described simply in the framework of "distant" nature, and wild monkey issues are constructed as a "pest animal issue". The simplified protocol between accessible and distant nature makes the wild monkey issues simple. And the attitudes of residents are shown as controversial through the contradiction between simple-complex issues. In conclusion, this contradiction cannot be solved only by filling the gap between accessible and distant nature with social consensus, but also by connecting the two and enhancing the dynamism of society as a whole.     

亲属称谓“公”“私”考

“公”“私”是两个出现较早的亲属称谓。祖父、父亲、夫之父、夫之兄均可称“公”,这与公有制下年长男子在父系氏族内部所处的领导地位有关,他们拥有安排和处理公共事务的权力。“私”是女子对姊妹之夫的称呼,源于建立在生产力水平低下的普那路亚婚制,反映了姊妹共夫、女子与姊妹之夫存在着合法的性关系的事实。透过二者,可以揭示古代的社会制度和婚姻制度的实质。     

What's wrong with sociology? Its public image

In response to editor Stephen Cole's question—"What's wrong with sociology?"—the answer is nothing that cannot be overcome by clearer communications and better public relations. The problem is that the field is not held in high esteem by college administrators, legislators, and the public. Many see us as rebels of the 1960s, political liberals, and impractical thinkers with a penchant for jargon. Even our research is derided by some as a waste of money. The solution consists of strategies for overcoming our poor public image. Seven strategies for doing so are discussed: (1) Write clearly. (2) Write for a mass audience. (3) Seek board positions. (4) Strengthen our identity. (5) Teach sociology in high school. (6) Develop academic partnerships. (7) Emphasize outcomes: increase in tolerance and research skills.