空间城市化机制和人口城市化目标——对中国当代城市化发展的一项研究

无论从城市人口变化还是城市空间变化角度观察,以上个世纪90年代中期为界,中国的城市化都经历了两个不同的阶段。90年代中期以来的城市化是以地方政府经营土地使用权为内在动力的空间城市化过程,这一机制是由一系列土地法规催生形成的。这一城市化机制的主要问题在于:它无意于解决人口城市化中跨省市流动人口的异地城市化问题;它造成空间意义上低效率的假性城市化;更为重要的是,它造成了具有宏观影响的土地金融风险。本文基此认为,应该制定相关政策调整和规范地方政府策动的空间城市化机制,规避其产生的问题,通过激励设计促进城市化在机制与目标方面的协调。     

Effects of urbanization on trust: Evidence from an experiment in the field

I conducted a trust game in the field within a natural experiment paradigm to test the effects of urbanization on both in- and out-group trust. I found that urbanization has a larger positive effect on out-group trust than on in-group trust. My findings provide new knowledge to the literature on the intricacy of the urbanization-trust relationship and contribute to the ongoing discourse on the different foundations underpinning in-group and out-group trust.     

中国城镇新增住房需求规模的测算与分析

本文围绕城镇家庭户自然增长、城镇家庭户机械增长和城镇存量住房拆除三项需求来源,设计了基于人口普查等公开统计数据定量测算城镇新增住房需求规模的系统性方法,对2001—2010年和2011—2015年间全国和各省份城镇新增住房需求规模进行测算与分析。在此期间新增住房供需关系经历了从基本均衡向供过于求的变化,同时存量住房拆除引致的被动需求取代城镇家庭户自然增长和机械增长引致的主动需求,成为新增住房需求的最主要来源。东、中、西部省份在新增需求规模、新增供需比、需求结构等方面表现出明显差异。本文还进一步对2021—2030年的发展趋 势进行了定量预测。由于三项需求来源均趋于下降,2021—2025年和2026—2030年间全国年均城镇新增住房需求规模预计将较2011—2015年间分别下降33%和53%。本文设计的城镇新增住房需求规模测算方法和预测思路能够为各级政府“十四五”住房发展规划编制、房地产企业战略制定等提供参考。     

BECOMING HONG KONG,RAZING BAOAN,PRESERVING XIN'AN: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC ACCOUNT OF URBANIZATION IN THE SHENZHEN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE

Located just north of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, the largest and oldest of China's Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has been both a project and symbol of post-Mao modernization. In this paper, I trace how the Shenzhen built environment mediates images and experiences of ‘Hong Kong’, arguing that transnationality in the SEZ is an everyday practice where tradition, colonialism, and the Cold War provide raw materials for the local reworking of the changing relationship between the Chinese state apparatus and finance capital. My story has a double focus: the ideology of urbanization as modernization and historic preservation. On the one hand, the ideology of urbanization-as-modernization legitimates a spatial order in which the rural is always posed to be superseded by the urban. Both the rural and the urban are empty signifiers that are created through comparison and deployed to guide action. In this important sense,‘Hong Kong’ has been urban with respect to rural ‘Shenzhen’ (formerly Baoan County), even as ‘Shenzhen’ has been urban with respect to the Chinese hinterland (neidi). On the other hand, historic preservation domesticates ‘Hong Kong’ as Shenzhen's past through the figure of Xin'an County, the geographic predecessor of both Shenzhen and Hong Kong. These complimentary displacements produce a nostalgia peculiar to the SEZ: a desire for a past that entitles contemporary Shenzhen residents to Hong Kong's prosperity. This nostalgia is structured with reference to a shared origin - Xin'an County - where Hong Kong's postwar history (1950–1979) becomes the past that Shenzhen (rural Baoan) would have had, if not for a cruel twist of socialist fate.     

城市化进程中村级股份合作制改革的创新机理探析——以江苏省无锡市村级集体经济组织制度创新为例

在我国城市化进程中,村级集体产权制度面临新的变革.本文运用产权分布情况及产权量化程度两个产权界定指标,对股份合作制的产权界定、双层经营体制下农村集体产权界定的局限性及其在城市化进程中面临的主要问题作了分析.并在此基础上,以江苏省无锡市为个案,对各地在城市化进程中所进行的村级集体产权制度改革在理论上进行了分析和探讨,认为村级股份合作制改革是农村集体产权制度的一种创新,它利用股份合作制产权界定的特点,有效克服了城市化中村级集体经济所面临的问题,是城市化进程中村级集体产权制度改革的理性选择.     

城市化与产业发展的匹配机制研究--基于比较优势的理论视角

城市化与产业发展是相互促进、互为因果螺旋上升的关系,城市是产业发展的载体,城市化的推进引致巨大的消费需求和投资需求,而产业是城市化的动力和支撑。城市化进程可以看成是资源、基础设施、制度和环境等一系列要素禀赋的动态变化,并在此基础上形成比较优势,吸引特定产业的投资和促进产业演进,在一个静态时点上,城市化与产业发展处于一般均衡状态,二者之间存在一种相互匹配关系。因此,在我国新型城镇化建设中要树立大、中、小不同规模城市协同发展的理念,在分析城市要素动态变化基础上,实施科学有效的产业政策。     

试论我国农村剩余劳动力的迁移聚集与小城镇发展

本文阐述了我国二元经济结构直接向一元结构转变模式的不适用性,分析了影响我国农村剩余劳动力转移的两大因素:土地问题(土地流转制度及土地产权制度改革)和户籍制度问题,并进一步提出了解决问题的新思路。     

工业化进程中的两大难题

先发展工业后发展农业的不均衡产业政策造成的后果是极大地拉开了工业与农业的差距 ,农民大量流人城市 ,在为城市建设做出贡献的同时 ,也引起了所谓的“城市膨胀”。农业落后 ,“城市膨胀”成为工业化过程中的“瓶颈”问题 ,也成为加速工业化进程急需解决的两大难题。     

Relationships among nutrients,chloride and biological indices in urban Maryland streams

Using a spatially extensive urban database constructed from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS), we describe the relationships of nutrients in small-order streams to eight defined categories of percent catchment urbanization, correlations between chloride and conductivity in urban streams, and relationships between nutrients and chloride with two Maryland-specific indices of biotic integrity for benthic macroinvertebrates and fish assemblages. Stream nutrients become elevated with increasing percent catchment urbanization, followed by increases in all four measured nitrogen species and total phosphorus at catchment urbanization levels greater than 10%. There was a strong collinear relationship (r ² = 0.90) between chloride and conductivity (trimeans) across all eight urbanization classes, where Cl (mg/L) = −0.397 + 0.188*conductivity (μS/cm). Critical values for all water quality parameters with the two Maryland biological indices were derived using quantile regression, with significant regressions developed for 11 of 16 water quality parameters and the two biotic indices. For nitrate (NO₃-N), the critical thresholds between fair and poor stream quality for the two Maryland biological indices were 0.83 mg/L (benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages) and 0.86 mg/L (fish assemblages). Increasing stream nutrient and chloride levels, associated with widespread catchment urbanization intensity, now affect many small streams in Maryland, with implications for decreasing water quality in major tributaries and the Chesapeake Bay.     

流动人口的数量及其分布特征研究——以江苏省为例

2000年全国流出人口主要源于川皖湘赣豫鄂桂,流入人口集中在粤浙沪苏京闽,流动人口占全国人口的11.6%。人口流动主要路径有10条,其中到广东的占6条,到上海的有2条。省际、省内县际流动人口占全国流动人口的29.4%、25.2%,市区内、县内乡镇街道间流动人口占24.5%、21.0%。