Urban growth boundary policy and residential suburbanization: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The process of suburbanization of Riyadh, a city of 4.5 million inhabitants, offers a unique situation in which the urban morphology of the city can be examined in light of socio-political and economic conditions. Central government ordinances helped create ‘dysfunctional’ sprawl by mandating big lots and overly wide streets. Fifty percent of the city’s urban plan of approximately 1300 km² represents a pattern of untimely, undeveloped subdivisions. Much of this premature sub-divisioning was a result of speculative land deals. The current area of undeveloped subdivided land is approximately 650 km², which is roughly the equivalent to the city’s land currently developed.The author argues that government policies and inefficient urban planning practices have encouraged the transformation of the peripheral desert landscape into unchecked land sub-divisioning championed by land developers and speculators. Using a comparative approach, the paper attempts to highlight sociopolitical and other cultural factors that underlie this inefficient sprawl at the fringe. It closes with recommendations to alleviate such a costly pattern that can be generalized to other developing world cities.     

关于我国城镇化问题的探讨

城镇化水平是衡量一个国家或地区经济社会发展水平的重要标志。正确判断当前我国的城镇化水平,是我国进一步制定和推进城镇化发展政策的前提和基础。文章就我国城镇化过程中存在的问题作了初步的探讨,提出了发展特色小城镇、小城镇机制创新等发展思路。     

农业产业化组织形式研究：土地股份合作社和微型企业的比较

本文对城镇化背景下成渝地区两种农业产业化组织形式——“土地股份合作社”和“微型企业”进行研究。两种组织形式在利益分配上存在差别：土地股份合作社通过土地折股将产业化经营的收益按股均分;微型企业则通过反租倒包由资本扶植建立小型农业公司,不以农业经营收益为主,其间产生大量的其他利益由地方政府与资本共享。相比土地股份合作社,微型企业数量更多、规模更大,这是因为在微型企业的运行中,地方政府与资本产生了合作共赢的关系：政府通过与资本合作,获得资金、捆绑项目,以谋发展;资本通过与政府合作,获得政策补贴、项目集聚的实惠,并可以通过整理土地获取建设用地指标。政府与资本的合作关系也进一步影响了当地城镇化的建设样貌。     

城市文化在西部地区城市化道路选择中的作用

对于城市化在西部地区经济发展中的推动作用以及作为经济增长的重要环节,学术界已基本达成共识。但城市化的道路如何选择,以什么样的思路解决这个问题则是一个极为重要的研究课题。经济环境、历史、技术、地理、地域、民族都是形成城市文化的基础,城市文化是城市个性和特色形成的条件,是城市经济品位提升的基础,是西部地区城市化道路如何选择应注意的关键因素。     

我国人才集聚与城市化水平互动关系的建模研究

城市化进程推动人才集聚水平不断提升,为人才集聚提供了重要平台;人才集聚是城市化水平提升不可或缺的动力和必然结果。我国人才集聚与城市化之间互动关系的量化研究需要借助模型工具,通过对模型信息的深入挖掘．从城市化六大要素角度提出促进我国人才集聚发展的可行性建议。     

产业结构变化对城市化进程影响的经济学分析

产业结构变化对城市化进程具有重要影响。产业结构变化通过影响资源的富集程度进而改变城市的形态。发达国家的城市发展经验表明，产业结构变革是城市化的主线之一；主导产业以及产业创新是区域经济发展进而实现城市发展的驱动力。因此，在城市化进程中，就要强化有利于城市发展的各项产业政策，包括制度安排和微观设计等。     

Assessing the effect of developed habitat on waterbird behaviour in an urban riparian system in Ottawa,Canada

Waterbird species were used to assess the consequences of developed habitat on wildlife behaviour in an urban riparian system along the Rideau River in Ottawa, Canada. Fourteen developed sites and 14 undeveloped sites were surveyed from October 2004 to February 2005. Each site was approached on foot and the first observed behaviour (i.e., fleeing, foraging, resting or swimming) of each individual was recorded. A total of 10,604 behavioural observations were made across 12 taxa. Overall, the fleeing behaviour was observed more often at undeveloped sites. Foraging, resting and swimming behaviours were observed more often at developed sites. We found that seven species fled more often at undeveloped sites, including hooded merganser. This species was also more abundant at undeveloped sites, suggesting that hooded merganser may be more sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance in urban environments than other species that are habituated toward humans. For sensitive species, undeveloped shoreline may serve as a refuge from human disturbance in urban ecosystems.     

新疆城市化发展问题探析

新疆城市化不仅存在城市数量偏少、经济规模小、南北疆发展不平衡等特征,更存在城市化率的速度超前于经济发展速度、工业化滞后于城市化等问题。应该针对这种现状,积极推进工业化,加大城市化力度,从而带动经济的可持续发展。     

经济开放、城市化水平与城乡收入差距——基于中国省际面板数据的经验研究

本文首先分析了经济开放、城市化水平对城乡收入差距的影响机制,然后利用我国1995~2008年的省际面板数据,采用系统广义矩方法进行实证分析。研究结果显示:城市化水平是缩小我国城乡收入差距的重要因素;经济开放在总体上扩大了城乡收入差距,但存在区域的差异性,即它显著地加剧了我国沿海地区的收入差距而对内陆地区却起到缩小的作用,入世以来经济开放对我国整体收入差距的扩大效应有所缓和;但如果考虑经济开放对城市化水平的影响,则经济开放度的提高会在一定程度上抑制我国城乡收入差距的扩大。     

试论湘西民族地区交通经济带的评价与构建

本文从交通经济带的传统构成要素入手,对湘西民族地区交通基础设施、城镇综合实力、产业状况等进行了评价,提出了以民族文化为纽带构筑民族地区交通经济带的模式,认为该地区可以形成一纵一横两条沿路型经济子带,并提供具体设计思路。