论现代社会主体权利的哲学基础

世俗化市场经济浪潮祛除了神性的蒙昧,使功利主义理所当然成为主体权利的哲学基础,失去超验价值的主体权利却遭遇了巨大的悖论。权利本是保障主体尊严的条件,以功利原则作为主体权利的哲学基础,不仅难以保障每个主体的价值尊严,还极易沦为物与自身双重奴役的对象。重新厘清主体权利的哲学基础,重建利益主体超验的维度,使其转化为价值主体,成为时代的命题。康德“目的王国”的实践哲学提供了重要的思想资源,他将权利与功利剥离,以“人是目的”的信念重塑主体超验的维度．真正确立了主体权利“质”的哲学基础。     

How to fight the ‘Methodenstreit’? Veblen and Weber on economics,psychology and action

There have been comparative discussions about Thorstein Veblen and Max Weber before, but not quite from the most appropriate viewpoint. The present paper treats them as theorists of action, in social and economic analysis, and this perspective yields some interesting new findings. Both theorists are to be taken as participants in the great Methodenstreit in economics, 100 years ago, and it is Veblen who suggests a more radical solution to this dispute, he suggests its final abolishment. The main difference between Veblen and Weber is in their respective appreciations of the role of psychology in social analysis. Weber does not think it important, but in so thinking he misses the viewpoint of evolutionary psychology that Veblen endorses. Accordingly, both of these classical thinkers are to be considered as theorists of action, but so that it is Veblen who proffers a more general theory.     

公共利益观念:一个思想史的考察

公共利益贯穿着人类社会发展的全部过程.在古希腊时期,“公共利益”仅仅是作为一个整体的城邦的“共同利益”即“共同善”.在理性启蒙时代,人们相信理性有能力设计一种个人利益与社会公共利益相互协调的政治社会结构,公共利益成为一种社会构建原则.但功利主义认为,社会政治秩序是在个人不考虑公共利益的情况下追求自身利益最大化的过程中无意而自然形成的.及至当代,公共利益观念呈现价值纷乱的多重景观.马克思主义唯物史观认为,公共利益只有在“自由人的联合体”中才能得到真正实现.