Rational choice on non-finite sets by means of expansion-contraction axioms

The rationalization of a choice function, in terms of assumptions that involve expansion or contraction properties of the feasible set, over non-finite sets is analyzed. Schwartz's results (1976), stated in the finite case, are extended to this more general framework. Moreover, a characterization result when continuity conditions are imposed on the choice function, as well as on the binary relation that rationalizes it, is presented.     

再论中国古代应用文审美特征形成的原因

中国古代应用文具有明显的审美特征。其形成的主要原因是:1、传统哲学本体论观念的模糊导致了古代文人认识上的模糊;2、古人的“诗性思维”和中国古代诗歌的绝对地位,影响到其它文体的分类和定性,进而影响到对应用文特点的把握;3、“尚用”的观念和“美文”的传统并存,导致应用文写作、欣赏和评价的审美化;4、古人对应用文缺乏宏观的理论认识,导致应用文观念的模糊;5、语言上的哲学文化传统和古代文章对应用文语言的形成和发展有强大的影响力,使应用文语言具有一贯的形式美;6、古代社会体制的性质和人际关系,对应用文写作有特殊的要求,从而使“美”成为应用文不可缺少的重要因素。     

基于多粒度非平衡语言信息的医疗服务质量评价

提出一种基于多粒度非平衡语言信息的医疗服务质量评价方法,引入近年来最新发展的非平衡语言信息来处理评价过程中专家判断的模糊性。针对专家判断的多粒度多语义问题,提出了粒度转换函数来进行一致化处理。该方法能有效处理医疗服务质量评价中的模糊而定性的信息,可以对医生医疗服务的优劣进行评价和排序。     

Evaluating lifetime performance for the Pareto model with censored and imprecise information

A lifetime capability index L _tp has been proposed to measure the business lifetime performance, wherein output lifetime measurements are assumed to be precise from the Pareto model with censored information. In the present study, we study a more realistic situation where the lifetime output data are imprecise. The approach developed by Buckley [Fuzzy system, Soft Comput. 9 (2005), pp. 757–760; Fuzzy statistics: Regression and prediction, Soft Comput. 9 (2005), pp. 769–775] incorporated with some extensions (a set of confidence intervals, one on top of the other), is used to construct the triangular-shaped fuzzy number for the fuzzy estimate of the L _tp. With the sampling distribution of the unbiased estimator of the L _tp, two useful fuzzy inference criteria, its critical value and fuzzy p-value are obtained to assess the lifetime performance. The presented methodology can handle the lifetime performance assessment on the condition that sample lifetime data are involved with imprecise information, classifying the lifetime performance with the three-decision rule. With different preset requirements and a certain degree of imprecise data, we also develop a four quadrants decision-making plot where managers can easily simultaneously visualize several important features of lifetime performance for making a decision. An example of business lifetime data is given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.     

The Capability Approach and Fuzzy Poverty Measures: An Application to the South African Context

One way of making the capability approach (CA) operational uses fuzzy poverty measures. In this paper, we present a new approach to applying these measures in the South African context using responses to a questionnaire on ‘The Essentials of Life’ in conjunction with a methodology for dealing with the vagueness of poverty. Our results suggest very low cut-offs for people or households to classify as definitely poor for some social indicators. These cut-offs are far lower than those Klasen used in his application of the CA. The attempt to apply the CA using Cheli and Lemmi’s ‘totally fuzzy and relative’ poverty measure in conjunction with our approach to specifying cut-offs can lead to incoherence. This measure can, nonetheless, be useful when social indicators have a ‘relativist component’. While the Cerioli and Zani measure does not lead to such incoherence, it also has a serious weakness.     

Stochastic Choice and Consideration Sets

We model a boundedly rational agent who suffers from limited attention. The agent considers each feasible alternative with a given (unobservable) probability, the attention parameter, and then chooses the alternative that maximizes a preference relation within the set of considered alternatives. We show that this random choice rule is the only one for which the impact of removing an alternative on the choice probability of any other alternative is asymmetric and menu independent. Both the preference relation and the attention parameters are identified uniquely by stochastic choice data.     

商务酒店客房空间形态探讨

以商务酒店客房为研究对象,结合对商务酒店客房使用主体的调查分析,探讨了商务酒店客房的发展趋势。通过对客房空间的建筑设计研究,针对商务酒店客房日益增长的舒适度要求,提出一些可行性建议。在客房的功能构成以及空间尺度等方面进行了分析,给出了商务酒店客房的房型配置和面积指标的参考意见。     

言语交际中模糊语言的认知语用功能

认知语用学的关联理论认为言语交际是有目的、有意图的认知活动.言语交际中广泛存在的模糊语言是言者、话语、听者和语境四个要素共同作用的结果.本文以关联理论为依据,综合考虑这四个要素对日常言语交际中的模糊语言的认知语用功能进行了分析.本研究结果有助于人们更有效地进行人际交往,提高交际效率,同时也有助于揭示人类模糊语言的一些认知特点.     

DEA的非参数规模收益预测方法

本文运用"交形式"生产可能集,对于具有多种生产要素投入的"生产部门",给出非参数方法所确定的多个变量的生产函数,进而讨论了当投入规模增大时,判别规模收益将处于递增、不变、递减、"饱和"和"拥挤"状态的充分必要条件.这对于每个决策单元("企业"或"部门")相对而言是否需要扩大规模和如何扩大规模给出科学的分析.