The Capability Approach and Fuzzy Poverty Measures: An Application to the South African Context

One way of making the capability approach (CA) operational uses fuzzy poverty measures. In this paper, we present a new approach to applying these measures in the South African context using responses to a questionnaire on ‘The Essentials of Life’ in conjunction with a methodology for dealing with the vagueness of poverty. Our results suggest very low cut-offs for people or households to classify as definitely poor for some social indicators. These cut-offs are far lower than those Klasen used in his application of the CA. The attempt to apply the CA using Cheli and Lemmi’s ‘totally fuzzy and relative’ poverty measure in conjunction with our approach to specifying cut-offs can lead to incoherence. This measure can, nonetheless, be useful when social indicators have a ‘relativist component’. While the Cerioli and Zani measure does not lead to such incoherence, it also has a serious weakness.     

Stochastic Choice and Consideration Sets

We model a boundedly rational agent who suffers from limited attention. The agent considers each feasible alternative with a given (unobservable) probability, the attention parameter, and then chooses the alternative that maximizes a preference relation within the set of considered alternatives. We show that this random choice rule is the only one for which the impact of removing an alternative on the choice probability of any other alternative is asymmetric and menu independent. Both the preference relation and the attention parameters are identified uniquely by stochastic choice data.     

言语交际中模糊语言的认知语用功能

认知语用学的关联理论认为言语交际是有目的、有意图的认知活动.言语交际中广泛存在的模糊语言是言者、话语、听者和语境四个要素共同作用的结果.本文以关联理论为依据,综合考虑这四个要素对日常言语交际中的模糊语言的认知语用功能进行了分析.本研究结果有助于人们更有效地进行人际交往,提高交际效率,同时也有助于揭示人类模糊语言的一些认知特点.     

近似紧空间的若干性质

本文讨论了近似紧空间的几点性质,研究了近似紧空间与强分离空间之间的一些关系。     

Some notes on Church's thesis and the theory of games

This paper considers games in normal form played by Turing Machines. The machines are fed as input all the relevent information and then are required to play the game. Some impossibility results are derived for this set-up. In particular, it is shown that no Turing Machine exists which will always play the correct strategy given its opponent's choice. Such a result also generalizes to the case in which attention is restricted to economically optimizing machines only. The paper also develops a model of knowledge. This allows the main results of the paper to be interpreted as stemming out of the impossibility of always deciding whether a player is rational or not in some appropriate sense.     

基于粗集理论的属性权重确定方法

通常属性权重的确定方法是根据决策者的先验知识来确定。本文根据粗集理论中属性重要度的判断方法,提出将决策者先验知识给定的权重同粗集理论确定的属性重要度结合起来最终确定属性权重,即基于粗集理论的属性权重确定,实现主观先验知识同客观情况的统一,从而得出更加理想的权重确定结果。     

基于CI-TOPSIS的梯形直觉模糊多准则群决策分类方法

模糊群决策分类方法广泛应用于政治、经济与社会生活各个领域,可有效避免个人知识与经验局限性所导致的决策失误。针对信息不完备的多准则群决策问题,提出基于CI-TOPSIS的梯形直觉模糊多准则群决策分类方法。首先,给出梯形直觉模糊集及广义梯形直觉模糊几何聚类算子,兼顾考虑群决策中相应依赖属性与决策者的决策偏好。其次,给出基于离散Choquet积分的TOPSIS算子（CI-TOPSIS）,以此为基础,进一步给出基于CI-TOPSIS的梯形直觉模糊多准则群决策分类步骤,用于确定具有最大可信度群体一致案例比较信息集,并逐步引导决策者给出部分及全部方案的精确分类,充分考虑模糊决策环境下决策者偏好与案例比较信息的级别关系。最后,通过一个投资决策实例对所提出的多准则分类方法进行验证。实例分析表明：该方法克服了决策过程中信息的遗漏,充分保留了决策过程中信息的完备性,更适用于直觉模糊群决策环境下的决策实践,是一种非常有效和科学的方法,可应用推广到更多决策领域。本文所得结论,对于有效解决多人多投资方案的群决策问题,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于Vague相似度量理论的建筑设计方案评价方法

描述了Vague之间的相似度量与加权相似度量方法,以及建筑设计方案决策新方法.在建筑设计方案决策中,Vague之间的相似度量是评价建筑设计方案接近期望方案的测度,相似度量值越大,建筑设计方案接近期望方案越好.     

A combination multiple comparisons and subset selection procedure to identify treatments that are strictly inferior to the best

This paper considers the problem of identifying which treatments are strictly worse than the best treatment or treatments in a one-way layout, which has many important applications in screening trials for new product development. A procedure is proposed that selects a subset of the treatments containing only treatments that are known to be strictly worse than the best treatment or treatments. In addition, simultaneous confidence intervals are obtained which provide upper bounds on how inferior the treatments are compared with these best treatments. In this way, the new procedure shares the characteristics of both subset selection procedures and multiple comparison procedures. Some tables of critical points are provided for implementing the new procedure, and some examples of its use are given.