Investigating value structure: Using theory-based starting configurations in Multidimensional Scaling (Research Note)

Abstract

Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) has been a central tool of psychological research into value structure for more than two decades. MDS is usually applied in an exploratory way because strict confirmatory analyses are still difficult to realize, due to the manifold problems of how to impose regional constraints on MDS solutions. “Weak confirmatory approaches” (Borg & Staufenbiel, 2007) which use a theory-based starting configuration could be an acceptable compromise. In this paper, we outline how such a configuration can be derived from Schwartz's (1992, p. 14) original model, which is characterized by a strict circular structure. Such a “parsimonious” structure seems particularly suited for multi-method studies. We also apply this configuration to the Spanish value data from the first three rounds of the European Social Survey to illustrate the procedure. Finally, we show how to test whether and to what extent regional adjustments of single items affect the overall fit of the respective MDS solution.     

虚与实:明清山东士人价值观念在宗教空间的构造

在传统社会,士人面临科举竞争、生存困境等诸多问题,在精神层面难免产生一定压力。而神授托梦的虚构意境,对士人的理想具有一定的指引性。从中我们也可以发现,受神灵所点拨者多是一些符合忠孝节义道德标准之士。因此,宗教信仰中的虚与士人生活中的实之所以能够相互转化,是以道德原则为前提的。值得注意的是,主流儒家思想之外,那些释道思想虽含有宿命论,却也在士人精神世界形成了一种超脱现实的人生构造。     

国际生产网络视角下的增加值贸易结构分析与主导因素识别——以中美双边贸易为例

本文利用世界投入产出表测度了2001—2014年中美双边增加值贸易结构。结果表明,中国在双边贸易中的单位出口获利能力低于美国,国际分工地位的差异使得两国的贸易结构显示出较强的互补性。在对增加值贸易构成分解的基础上,本文识别并分析了国际生产网络体系下影响出口国内增加值的主导因素及其作用机制。研究发现,网络外最终需求、生产网络上游因素分别是推动中国和美国出口国内增加值扩大的主导因素。此外,产业层面的研究结果显示,中国高技术制造业出口国内增加值的扩大主要是由生产网络上游因素驱动的,生产网络外最终需求则是中国传统制造业出口国内增加值扩张的重要推动力。中国在扩大对外开放的同时应与国际生产网络中的上下游经济体形成多元化匹配,进而加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。     

极值Copula在商业银行操作风险度量中的应用

本文主要内容是针对新巴塞尔协议把商业银行操作风险纳入风险量化和监管领域,应用极值Copula函数分析我国商业银行各类操作风险之间的相依结构,将操作风险度量从一维拓展到多维。目前对所有的事件类型值简单加总求得操作风险的总资本要求,没有考虑事件类型之间的相关性,这与实际情况是不符合的。为此本文在分析我国商业银行各类操作风险之间的相依性的基础上,运用极值Copula函数建立实际操作风险的相依结构,构建计算操作风险总VaR值的极值Copula模型。     

试论宗教的人生价值观

宗教对人生价值的看法规定其信仰的内容。宗教从有神论的立场和角度 ,论述人在世界中的地位以及现实人生的不完美和苦难 ,认为要寻找完满的人生 ,就只能到宗教信仰中去获取。宗教的这种观点适合人类的信仰需要 ,有其积极的一面 ,但是从自然科学及辩证唯物主义的立场、观点来看 ,则是根本错误的。     

论香山文化的表征与特质

香山文化于近代横空出世,引领了岭南文化的方向,影响着中国的命运走向和社会转型。作为岭南文化的奇葩,它承沿于传统文化,又在时空上逾越了地域与血缘之(?);从历史地位来看,它跻身于近代政治文化的前沿,肩负起引领时代潮流的使命;以现代文明价值审视,它在承传中超越历史,自尊自觉,将文化资源内化为文化资本,为中山的文明建设乃至中国的现代化建设探求文化创新模式。     

Development and validation of the Perceived Investment Value (PIV) scale

This study aims to develop a complementary and more comprehensive measurement to assess the nature of investment value affecting consumers’ investment behavior. Recent research suggests that consumers may desire and obtain certain outcomes from investments that have not been anticipated in mainstream finance and economics literature. These benefits might be hedonistic or altruistic, self-expressive or emotional and experiential. Yet, while an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this topic, little effort has been made to develop an appropriate measurement scale for the subjective consumer perceptions of investments. To address this gap in the literature, this study introduces the concept of Perceived Investment Value (PIV), and develops and validates a measurement scale for the concept. The ultimate 18-item PIV scale parsimoniously represents six Perceived Investment Value dimensions: Economic value—Monetary savings; Economic value—Efficiency; Functional value—Convenience; Emotional value—Emotions and Experiences; Symbolic value—Altruism; and Symbolic value—Esteem. The final measurement scale demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity. Implications related to the developed scale are discussed in terms of their potential to inform a future research agenda.     

“国际货币体系再思考——布雷顿森林体系会议70周年后”国际研讨会纪要

国际货币体系需要改革,改革的方向包括:对主要货币发行国施加国际约束,加强IMF的作用,设立货币锚,建立全球性或地区性的金融支持系统,解决全球流动性失衡,国际货币体系的过渡等。西方6国中央银行签署货币多边互换协议,是否成为未来国际货币体系的演变方向值得关注。中国要积极稳妥地加快资本账户开放,加快国内结构性调整,消除金融市场各种风险隐患,这是人民币国际化的治本之策。     

Post-truth and public relations: Special section introduction

With spindoctoring, publicity seeking stunts and evidence of mal-practice, public relations is easily associated with the development of post-truth society. The elevation of bullshit as political coinage presents a challenge for the rational public debate which the public relations profession at large should have an interest in maintaining. In this introduction, we briefly highlight some of these challenges for public relations. We point to how papers in the special section tie into these challenges, by for instance, helping to understand the construction of truth, how to construct a defense for legitimate public relations and engage with publics, as well as to build a professional practice through developing and measuring communication.