Technology roadmapping for technology-based product-service integration: A case study

Today, since a single product is no longer sufficient to cope with the dynamic market environment, firms are trying to provide the integrated offering of products and services. However, despite the importance and utility of product-service integration, a limited approach has been conducted regarding the planning of the strategic management of integrated offering. To deal with this issue, this paper firstly suggests the concept and typology of technological interface in product-service integration. Based on the technological interface, a generic structure of product-service integrated roadmap is developed. Extended from the generic structure, this paper finally proposes the typological configurations of integrated roadmap according to the technological interface and investigates the usage, characteristics, and roadmapping processes.     

基于CRC32的数据校验的研究和应用

在网络通讯和数据存储过程中,数据传输和存储的可靠性和高效性是衡量一个网络通讯系统和数据存储系统的关键要素,而可靠和高效是一个矛盾统一体.为了解决可靠性,网络通讯和数据存储通常采用差错控制.本文详细剖析了CRC的差错控制的原理和算法,实现了基于java语言的CRC32算法,结合实例应用CRC32在文件压缩编程中进行差错控制.     

如何组建无盘Windows98网络

分析无盘Windows98网络的特点和基本的工作原理，对学校计算机教学机房的组建方案提出了个人的观点，以实际的例子给出了该无盘网络的实际安装过程．     

NOTES FOR A NEW GUIDE TO KEYNES (I): WAGES,AGGREGATE DEMAND,AND EMPLOYMENT

I revisit the General Theory’s discussion of the role of wages in employment determination through the lens of the New Keynesian model. The analysis points to the key role played by the monetary policy rule in shaping the link between wages and employment, and in determining the welfare impact of enhanced wage flexibility. I show that the latter is not always welfare improving.     

WHY ARE THE 2000s SO DIFFERENT FROM THE 1970s? A STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF CHANGES IN THE MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF OIL PRICES

In the 1970s, large increases in the price of oil were associated with sharp decreases in output and large increases in inflation. In the 2000s, even larger increases in the price of oil were associated with much milder movements in output and inflation. Using a structural VAR approach, Blanchard and Gali (in J. Gali and M. Gertler (eds.) 2009, International Dimensions of Monetary Policy, University of Chicago Press, pp. 373–428) argued that this reflected a change in the causal relation from the price of oil to output and inflation. They then argued that this change could be due to a combination of three factors: a smaller share of oil in production and consumption, lower real wage rigidity, and better monetary policy. Their argument, based on simulations of a simple new‐Keynesian model, was informal. Our purpose in this paper is to take the next step, and to estimate the explanatory power and contribution of each of these factors. To do so, we use a minimum distance estimator that minimizes, over the set of structural parameters and for each of two samples (pre‐ and post‐1984), the distance between the empirical SVAR‐based impulse response functions and those implied by a new‐Keynesian model. Our empirical results point to an important role for all three factors.     

Are government wages interlinked with private sector wages?

The ongoing fiscal and financial crisis with significant macroeconomic imbalances in the euro area raises the question in how far public–private wage interaction and even wage spirals contribute to fiscal and competitiveness problems. In this vain we analyse empirically whether the evolution of public sector wages is decoupled from that of the private sector. Using data for number of OECD countries, we find: (i) a strong and extremely robust positive annual contemporaneous correlation of public and private sector wages over the business cycle; (ii) evidence of co-movement of these variables over the medium and long run. From a policy perspective, the findings of this study suggest public wage restraint and private wage flexibility coupled—where needed—with institutional reform to prevent or break public–private wage spirals.     

Sudden stop and trade balance reversal after Asian crisis: Investment drought impact versus exchange rate depreciation

After the Asian crisis in 1997, the respective trade balances of Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand reversed suddenly from deficit to surplus. By particularly addressing the sudden cessation of investment caused by the financial crisis, it is demonstrated that the IS balance adjustment dominates real exchange rate depreciation, indicating that to reform the large external imbalance of Asian countries, which is a major component of global imbalance, policymakers should target domestic absorption. Furthermore, it can be demonstrated that the large trade balance surplus of Asian countries will decrease along with recovery. Finally, policy implications related to the recent Euro crisis are provided.     

浙江舟山群岛新区背景下流动人口犯罪管控问题探析——以美国破窗理论为视角

浙江舟山群岛新区设立以来,随着新区建设对人力资源需求的增长,各种层次的外来人口进入数量逐年递增,这势必给经济改革发展地区的社会稳定和流动人口犯罪管控带来新的考验。本文以美国破窗理论为视角,分析探讨如何借鉴该理论改增强新区流动人口管控模式,降低流动人口的违法犯罪率,从而为舟山群岛新区发展创造良好的社会软环境。也希望冀此抛砖引玉,为今后长三角其它沿海地区海洋经济改革发展过程中可能面临的此类问题,提供一个可咨借鉴的参考。     

An Assessment of the Italian 2007 Complementary Social Security Reform: A Simulation Approach

In this paper we aim at assessing the outcomes of the 2007 Italian reform of the complementary social security scheme and at identifying the determinants behind them. The reform provided workers with relevant incentives to switch the investment of about 7 per cent of their gross yearly wages from a firm‐managed scheme (which took the form of a termination indemnity payment, the Trattamento di Fine Rapporto scheme) to an external pension fund. We provide a theoretical framework to model the workers' problem of choosing between these two different forms of complementary social security schemes and we then perform an agent‐based simulation taking into account all the details of the reform. Differently from previous contributions, we stress the impact that the investment decision has on the financial health of firms and, consequently, on workers' employment stability. Our simulations are able to replicate the Italian data in terms of adhesion rates to complementary social security and also to identify some of the key determinants of that outcome, such as fiscal incentives, individual preferences, the working of both the Italian labour and the financial markets and the productive structure of the Italian economy.     

Remittances,growth and poverty: New evidence from Asian countries

The present study re-examines the effects of remittances on growth of GDP per capita using annual panel data for 24 Asia and Pacific countries. The results generally confirm that remittance flows have been beneficial to economic growth. However, our analysis also shows that the volatility of capital inflows such as remittances and FDI is harmful to economic growth. This means that, while remittances contribute to better economic performance, they are also a source of output shocks. Finally, remittances contribute to poverty reduction – especially through their direct effects. Migration and remittances are thus potentially a valuable complement to broad-based development efforts.