The Effects of Family-Friendly Policies and Workplace Social Support on Parenting Stress in Employed Mothers Working Nonstandard Hours

This study examines whether family-friendly policies (childcare leave, on-site childcare, and flexible working hours) and workplace social support (supervisor and coworker support) in South Korea are directly related to parenting stress among employed mothers with nonstandard work schedules. In addition, this study investigates the moderating role of family-supportive organization perceptions in the aforesaid associations. Data were collected from 223 employed mothers who have nonstandard work schedules with at least one or more children under the age of six. Results show that on-site childcare, flexible working hours, and supervisor support are negatively associated with parenting stress, whereas childcare leave is positively associated with parenting stress. Employed mothers with high family-supportive organization perceptions report low levels of parenting stress when they received high levels of supervisor support or did not take childcare leave. Additionally, employed mothers with low family-supportive organization perceptions report high levels of parenting stress when they did not use on-site childcare. Consequently, our findings indicate that employed mothers’ greater family-supportive organization perceptions are key factor reducing their parenting stress when they are limited to use family-friendly policies. Implications are discussed in terms of the importance of work-family intervention to the work-family balance among mothers working nonstandard hours.     

Economic metaphors and working knowledge: enter the 'cogito-economic' subject

This paper probes the effects upon people of defining knowledge primarily in economic terms. It asserts that the language of commerce increasingly appropriates 'knowledge' by defining it in such terms. Theoretically, the analysis draws on the work of Jacques Derrida to explore the effects of metaphors in human resource management and development environments. The paper explores the ways that metaphors can become powerful signifiers of knowledge at work. As critical technologies of representation, the metaphors that have emerged out of recent theorizations of knowledge at work have contributed to a powerful discourse that defines people as 'knowledge workers'. It is argued here that dominant views of 'what constitutes a knowledge worker' imply that subjects are both 'knowledge workers' (cogito) and 'human resources' (economic) - thus the title 'cogito-economic subjects'. By defining people in this way, it is argued that there are potential dangers of metaphors becoming reified with knowledge becoming describable only in economic terms, and people describable only in cogito-economic terms.     

工人阶级执政党代表先进文化的前进方向——20世纪社会主义历史的印证

先进文化的“前进方向”是指科学的世界观和方法论所规定和引导的方向 ,以社会主义经济政治制度为出发点的方向 ,为广大人民群众所肯定、所欢迎的前进方向。社会主义建设的历史证明 ,各国工人阶级执政党代表先进文化的前进方向和推进先进文化 ,主要采取了下述措施和途径 :坚持对文化工作进行政治指导的原则 ,将文化建设中的教育和科学置于各项事业发展的重中之重 ,大胆吸收不同社会制度下的优秀文化成果 ,抵制和批评错误的文化倾向等等     

大数据时代高职院校二级学院档案管理工作模式探析

当今社会,巨量信息资料造就大数据时代。在大数据背景下,我国高职院校二级学院档案管理工作面临着诸多问题,挑战着高职院校二级学院传统的运行体制。高职院校二级学院档案管理工作如何解决在大数据时代视域下所遭受的工作困境,是为迫在眉睫的难题。在考量高职院校二级学院档案管理工作实际情况后发现,应切实落实高职院校二级学院档案管理工作的信息化,并建立档案管理的危机预警和响应,架构档案管理灾难恢复数据库,为高职院校档案管理工作的发展寻找新的空间。     

Beginning street life: Factors contributing to children working and living on the streets of Khartoum, Sudan

Understanding why some children work on the streets while others live there, and how causal factors differ by gender, is important in developing effective services for them. This study examined these questions in Sudan using participant observation, qualitative interviews, and surveys of working boys (n = 1025), working girls (n = 192), street boys (n = 397), and street girls (n = 35). Street children were less likely than working children to have local families (66% and 77%, p < 0.001), and more likely to have experienced some prior hardships, e.g. a mother's death (17% and 10%, p < 0.001), or coming from the war-torn south (30% and 10%, p < 0.001). 70% of street children and 10% of working children had abused (i.e. sniffed and sucked) glue (p < 0.001); initiating glue abuse often coincided with a transition from working to living on the streets. Within groups, conditions ‘pushing’ girls to street life were often harsher than for boys. For working girls, these included death of both parents (10% and 3%, p < 0.001), and/or insufficient food at home (59% and 43%, p < 0.001). For street girls, they included having a homeless family (23% and 9%, p = 0.019), and/or insufficient food at home (63% and 40%, p = 0.008), but street girls also more often reported boredom at home (80% and 48%, p < 0.001). Services should be tailored to the particular needs of each group by gender, including community-based prevention, street-based health and safety interventions, and street child counseling and re-integration programs.     

专业课教学培养大学生实际工作能力的探索

针对用人单位对大学生实际工作能力的要求 ,笔者结合自己多年来的教学经验 ,提出了课堂讲授重引导培养学生理论联系实际分析思考问题的能力 ,实验教学重安排培养学生解决生产实际问题的独立工作能力 ,基地实践重指导培养学生科学研究的创新能力 ,把培养学生的实际工作能力贯穿到每一个教学环节中的专业课教学模式。     

When Too Much Is Not Enough: Actual and Preferred Work Hours in the United States and Abroad

This paper places the story of the overworked American in context by examining mismatches between preferred and actual work hours among Japanese, Swedish, West German, and U.S. workers. Although many full-timers in all four countries want to work fewer hours, mismatches come in many forms, and their distributions and determinants vary cross-nationally. The United States, for instance, has an unusually large number of full-time workers who want to work more hours, and a workforce that is especially motivated by opportunities for advancement and a desire for high incomes. Ultimately, the prevalence and determinants of hour mismatches are found to reflect cross-national differences in social, political, and economic environments.     

近代“打工妹”群体的生成——以长三角地区为中心的考察

近代长三角地区是"打工妹"最为集中的地区。本文从工厂制度的"集拢"效应、城市近代化的"凝聚力"、二元世界的农村"酵素"三个方面,对"打工妹"群体的生成进行宏观考察,认为长三角地区近代工业化、城市近代化、人口城市化"三化联动",形成"合力",使打工妹现象在近代长三角地区渐趋普遍。"打工妹"群体的生成,符合社会变迁的"必然之势",是一股进步的时代潮流。     

Wives' Relative Wages,Husbands' Paid Work Hours,and Wives' Labor‐Force Exit

Economic theories predict that women are more likely to exit the labor force if their partners' earnings are higher and if their own wage rate is lower. In this article, I use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 2,254) and discrete‐time event‐history analysis to show that wives' relative wages are more predictive of their exit than are their own or their husbands' absolute wages. In addition, I show that women married to men who work more than 45 hours per week are more likely to exit the labor force than are wives whose husbands' work approximately 40 hours per week. My findings highlight the need to examine how women's partners affect women's labor‐force participation.     

Do Traditional Fathers Always Work More? Gender Ideology,Race, and Parenthood

Research has shown that men who express traditional gender ideologies spend more time in paid work when they become fathers, whereas men who express egalitarian ideologies spend less time in paid work. This study extends previous research by examining racial differences among men. We drew on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (N = 23,261) and found that fatherhood was associated with an increase in married White men's time spent in paid work. The increase was more than twice as strong for traditional White men than for egalitarian White men. In contrast, both egalitarian and traditional African American men did not work more when they became fathers. These findings suggest that African American men may express gender traditionalism but adopt more egalitarian work–family arrangements. This study also presents evidence of an interaction among race, class, and gender ideology that shapes fathers' time spent in paid work.