The Effects of Temporal Placement of Feedback on Performance With and Without Goals

ABSTRACT

This report from the field evaluated the effects of temporal placement of feedback, and presence or absence of stated goals, on employee skill acquisition in the context of an organization-wide training. Four conditions were examined: feedback before performance with goals, feedback before performance without goals, feedback after performance with goals, and feedback after performance without goals. The results of this study found no statistically significant difference in performance across the four conditions.     

从字频看壮族传统文字的效用特点--以方块壮字和汉字的字频比较为基点

研究表明,在“省力原则”的作用下,方块壮字存在与汉字类似的“效用递减”趋势,少数字符的效用高,多数字符的效用低。但是,与汉字相比,由于字形规范化和语料规模的制约,方块壮字“效用递减”的趋势没有那么明显,高频字不够“高效”,效用也不够集中。     

正面反馈的盛名综合症效应：正向激励何以加剧绩效报酬对创造力的抑制？

正面反馈通常被认为是一种低成本且行之有效的正向激励手段,但结果如何不甚明了。根植于本土"面子"文化,基于反馈加工过程模型,从反馈效价、反馈情境以及反馈接收者特质三方面出发,构建了一个嵌套被中介调节效应的三项交互模型,通过设计3项研究,旨在探讨绩效激励下的正面反馈反应机制。研究1结果显示,正面反馈调节绩效报酬对创造力的倒"U"型影响,且调节效应因员工胜任感知不同而存在差异,即在高激励强度下提供高的正面反馈反而加剧绩效报酬对个体尤其是低胜任感知个体创造力的抑制。研究2探索了上述负效应的成因,揭示了盛名综合症的中介作用。研究3进一步揭示,由于低胜任感知诱发的盛名综合症,强化了正面反馈对表现目标导向的引导作用,从而加剧绩效报酬对创造力的抑制。     

民族语文的社会功能与作用——兼谈壮文的创制

实行民族语言文字平等是我们国家的一贯政策。与主流社会的语言文字相比,少数民族的语言文字不论是社会功能还是应用范围都比较小。但国家宪法规定,各民族的语言文字一律平等。民族语言文字还是本民族人民的思维工具,交际工具,是民族文化的载体。民族语言文字在双语教学、师资培养、文化研究、医药与植物研究、濒危文化保护等方面有不可取代的作用。     

废旧家电逆向物流综合效益评价研究

目前,废旧家电回收处理已成为全球实现资源再利用的共性问题,建立废旧家电逆向物流体系迫在眉睫。选取经济效益、管理水平、社会效益3个方面的指标,运用层次分析法（AHP）、360度反馈法与模糊综合评价法（FCE）对废旧家电逆向物流的综合效益进行评价,构建起比较完整的废旧家电逆向物流评价模型,并通过算例验证该方法的有效性。     

Feedback Mechanisms,Judgment Bias,and Trust Formation in Online Auctions*

Online markets, like eBay, Amazon, and others rely on electronic reputation or feedback systems to curtail adverse selection and moral hazard risks and promote trust among participants in the marketplace. These systems are based on the idea that providing information about a trader's past behavior (performance on previous market transactions) allows market participants to form judgments regarding the trustworthiness of potential interlocutors in the marketplace. It is often assumed, however, that traders correctly process the data presented by these systems when updating their initial beliefs. In this article, we demonstrate that this assumption does not hold. Using a controlled laboratory experiment simulating an online auction site with 127 participants acting as buyers, we find that participants interpret seller feedback information in a biased (non‐Bayesian) fashion, overemphasizing the compositional strength (i.e., the proportion of positive ratings) of the reputational information and underemphasizing the weight (predictive validity) of the evidence as represented by the total number of transactions rated. Significantly, we also find that the degree to which buyers misweigh seller feedback information is moderated by the presentation format of the feedback system as well as attitudinal and psychological attributes of the buyer. Specifically, we find that buyers process feedback data presented in an Amazon‐like format—a format that more prominently emphasizes the strength dimension of feedback information—in a more biased (less‐Bayesian) manner than identical ratings data presented using an eBay‐like format. We further find that participants with greater institution‐based trust (i.e., structural assurance) and prior online shopping experience interpreted feedback data in a more biased (less‐Bayesian) manner. The implications of these findings for both research and practice are discussed.     

系统论三原理在大学英语阅读课教学中的运用

大学英语阅读课教学是一个由学生、教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、教师、教学环境和教学反馈等要素构成的一个整体系统。对系统理论的三个原理,整体原理、有序原理和反馈原理在大学英语阅读课教学中的运用做了初步探讨,其目的是更好地提高教学质量和课堂教学效率。     

从《流言》看张爱玲的文化选择

张爱玲的散文集《流言》对于我们理解她的文化选择很有帮助 ,从中可以看到张爱玲以超然和平静的心看待她少年时的遭际。她的人生观是消极的 ,然而她尽可能地享受人生。身受中西文化熏陶的她特别关注市民阶层 ,她追求“和谐” ,创作出一种真正接近市民生活的作品 ,在现代文学史上有其特殊地位。     

论新时期中国小说的孤独母题

作为世界文学共同母题的孤独,由于中国文学与世界文学的相遇在新时期中国小说中得以再度彰显和书写.新时期中国小说的孤独母题是在人的存在的孤独与民族自我孤独意识的书写两个层面上展开的.其中,新时期中国小说对孤独意识的自我书写集中指向了对民族文化封闭、内向性发展的批判与拷问以及对背负道德重担的孤独者的塑造,这些孤独意识不仅是此期中国作家对民族文化和地域文化反思的结果,在深广的层面上都包含着中国文化乃至中国社会所面临的独特的问题.     

效忠主管与员工工作绩效的关系:反馈寻求行为和权力距离的影响

效忠主管一直是华人组织经久不衰的议题,尽管已有文献认为员工效忠主管有助于提升其工作绩效,然而关于效忠主管通过怎样的具体机制来影响员工工作绩效却并未得到系统的阐释。本文以14家企业的360名员工为样本,探讨了效忠主管对工作绩效的影响机制,尤其是研究员工反馈寻求行为在其中的中介作用及员工权力距离的调节作用。分析结果表明,效忠主管对员工工作绩效、反馈寻求行为都有显著的正向影响;反馈寻求行为在效忠主管与工作绩效关系中起完全中介作用。另外,员工的权力距离负向调节了效忠主管与反馈寻求行为的正相关关系,即员工的权力距离越低,两者的正向相关关系越强。