延边地区中小企业发展问题及战略研究

中小企业在延边经济发展过程中具有重要作用,它是增加延边就业、促进经济增长、活跃市场结构、维护社会公平、繁荣小城镇经济的生力军.但是中小企业在发展过程中存在很多问题,只有通过发展中小企业集群,提高延边区域金融服务能力,建设具有延边特色的专业市场以及加强创业教育,才可以促进延边中小企业的发展壮大.     

美国竞选财政制度初探

美国竞选财政制度是美国政治制度中争议最多的问题之一。由于利益集团政策参与的需求和竞选人竞选的需要 ,美国的竞选捐赠日益加剧 ,捐赠规模日趋膨胀 ,并在一定程度上导致了决策过程中利益代表性的偏差。由此 ,美国早期的法律就对利益集团的竞选捐赠进行限制 ,2 0世纪 4 0年代以来 ,美国关于竞选财政制度改革的立法不断。但改革遇到利益需求和关于合宪性问题等种种障碍 ,步履维艰。美国政治中的这一两难状况是其政治体制所使然 ,有关竞选财政制度改革的争论仍将继续下去。     

论教育发展与延边人力资源的开发

人力资源是经济社会发展"第一竞争力"的资源。人力资源的开发关键在教育。延边虽然十分强调教育的"知识效应",但很少关注教育的"非知识效应"的发挥,所以,教育对人力资源开发应有的作用不能得到充分的发挥。因此,只有充分发挥延边的教育资源,综合利用基础教育、成人教育和继续教育等多种教育手段在人力资源开发中的不同作用,才能有效地开发有利于延边经济和社会发展所需要的各类劳动力资源。     

大学生网络群体极化的成因及对策研究

网络群体极化的发生是由网络环境下群体行为的心理特征、沉默的螺旋及网络中无处不在的信息过滤与茧房共同造成的。大学生作为使用网络的主力军,在信息的选择和接收上也更容易走向极端。大学生网络群体极化的主要表现为网络环境下的从众心理、简单化思维、长时间沉湎于劣质信息的茧房。大学生网络群体极化的防治要靠培育学生的责任意识、思政工作者的正确引导及政府对网络的监管共同发挥作用。     

A robustness framework for monitoring real options under uncertainty

This paper presents a problem structuring methodology to assess real option decisions in the face of unpredictability. Based on principles of robustness analysis and scenario planning, we demonstrate how decision-aiding can facilitate participation in projects setting and achieve effective decision making through the use of real options reasoning. We argue that robustness heuristics developed in earlier studies can be practical proxies for real options performance, hence indicators of efficient flexible planning. The developed framework also highlights how to integrate real options solutions in firms’ strategic plans and operating actions. The use of the methodology in a location decision application is provided for illustration.     

Assessing participants’ perceptions on group-based principles for action in community-based health enhancing physical activity programmes: The APEF tool

In community-based health enhancing physical activity (CBHEPA) programmes, group-based principles for action such as active participation, enjoyment, and fostering group processes are widely advocated. However, not much is known about participants’ perceptions of these principles as there are no assessment tools available. Therefore, this article describes the development of the APEF (Active Participation, Enjoyment, and Fostering group processes) tool and reports on its implementation in a Dutch CBHEPA programme. Indicators for the principles have been identified from literature research, interviews with professionals, and secondary analysis of three group interviews with 11 practitioners. To address the identified indicators, the APEF tool was developed, pretested, and used in 10 focus groups with 76 participants.The APEF tool consists of eight statements about group-based principles for action, on which CBHEPA participants vote, followed by in-depth discussion. The voting procedure engages participants. Spider diagrams visualise participants’ perceptions of group-based principles.The APEF tool addresses the challenge of relating group level outcomes to individual outcomes such as physical activity behaviour. The tool facilitates as well as evaluates group-based principles for action, it stimulates dialogue and is culturally sensitive, but it needs strong facilitating skills to manage group dynamics.     

晚清立宪派整体构建状况和群体特征分析——以1905-1911年江苏立宪派为中心的探讨

晚清立宪派作为改革力量在中国近代史上扮演过重要角色。江苏立宪派则是立宪派的中坚力量,以其自身优势意图引领和把握立宪运动的走向和动态。文章通过考察江苏立宪派的地域特征、人员构成和来源背景可以看出,江苏立宪派群体得以构建主要源于地缘因素与经济基础,其深厚的文化底蕴、优越的经济条件及开明并保守的政治性格等三个主要特征也决定了其在晚清立宪运动中的政治心理与行为方式,从而使其作为一支重要的基层改革力量对晚清立宪运动的效果产生深刻的影响。     

小组工作对学龄初期儿童的介入初探——以湖北省荆州市实验小学XX班为个案

学龄初期是指儿童从六七岁到十一、二岁这一时期，这时儿童进入学校，开始以学习为主导的活动。它是儿童心理发展的一个重要时期。作为社会工作专业方法之一的小组工作能帮助学龄初期儿童树立团结互助与分享意识，培养他们团结合作的精神，提高他们独立自主的能力。笔者从小组工作专业视角出发，以湖北省荆州市实验小学XX班作为个案，描述并分析了学龄初期儿童的特征，阐述了小组工作方法对学龄初期儿童介入的可行性，探讨了小组工作方法的介入、评估及个人反思。     

Paradigm lost: Reinvigorating the study of organizational culture

In spite of the importance of organizational culture, scholarly advances in our understanding of the construct appear to have stagnated. We review the state of culture research and argue that the ongoing academic debates about what culture is and how to study it have resulted in a lack of unity and precision in defining and measuring culture. This ambiguity has constrained progress in both developing a coherent theory of organizational culture and accreting replicable and valid findings. To make progress we argue that future research should focus on conceptualizing and assessing organizational culture as the norms that characterize a group or organization that if widely shared and strongly held, act as a social control system to shape members’ attitudes and behaviors. We further argue that to accomplish this, researchers need to recognize that norms can be parsed into three distinct dimensions: (1) the content or what is deemed important (e.g., teamwork, accountability, innovation), (2) the consensus or how widely shared norms are held across people, and (3) the intensity of feelings about the importance of the norm (e.g., are people willing to sanction others). From this perspective we suggest how future research might be able to clarify some of the current conflicts and confusion that characterize the current state of the field.     

Supportive Group Interventions with Caregivers of Frail Older Adults

The use of supportive group interventions with caregivers of frail older adults is discussed in this article. Four categories of group interventions are described: (1) mutual support groups, (2) psychoeducational groups, (3) social, recreational and educational groups, and (4) service and advocacy groups. Research evidence on the efficacy of group interventions with this population is also considered. Recommendations are made on when to refer caregivers to support groups and on what type of support group is most appropriate. Consideration by practitioners and program planners of a broader range of types of supportive groups is also encouraged.