Estimation of the smaller and larger of two exponential location parameters

Assume independent random samples are drawn from two populations which are exponentially distributed with unknown location parameters and a common known scale parameter. We want to estimate the maximum and the minimum of the unknowo location paremeters. In this paper several estimators are proposed which are better than the natural estimations in terms of absolute bias and /or meaqn squared error.     

Expected absolute departure of chi-square from its median

We develop a formula for the expected absolute departure of x² from its median.     

Influence measure for the L1 regression

Because outliers and leverage observations unduly affect the least squares regression, the identification of influential observations is considered an important and integrai part of the analysis. However, very few techniques have been developed for the residual analysis and diagnostics for the minimum sum of absolute errors, L₁ regression. Although the L₁ regression is more resistant to the outliers than the least squares regression, it appears that outliers (leverage) in the predictor variables may affect it. In this paper, our objective is to develop an influence measure for the L₁ regression based on the likelihood displacement function. We illustrate the proposed influence measure with examples.     

The mad estimator: when is it non-linear? applications to two-way design models

The mean absolute deviation (MAD) estimator has recently received a great deal of attention as applied to full-rank linear regression models. This paper provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the MAD estimator to be a non-linear estimator, in which case conditions for the variance of the MAD estimator to be larger or smaller than those for OLS are, in general, unknown. The non-linearity of the MAD estimator is examined for several two-way designs; in particular (1) randomized block design (2) two-way nested design (3) two-way classification with interaction and (4) partially balanced incomplete block design     

预设、代码模式与言语交际

代码模式(code model)是包括编码(encoding)和解码(decoding)两个程序的言语交际模式。言语交际就是通过编码和解码的认知活动达到交往双方交流思想的过程。编码解码过程与认知语境密切相关。预设则是编码和解码运作的基础和条件。     

文学语篇中的预设与接受

预设是以隐含的方式内嵌于句子或语段之中的无须断言的信息或命题.作为一种语用现象,预设编码和解码在文学语篇的建构和接受过程中发挥着重要作用,是双向互动的关系,两个过程均不容忽视.在重视预设在文学语篇建构中的作用的同时,应强调接受过程中的读者反拨以及对语篇的创造性解读,从而使文学语篇的创作和解读达到最佳状态.     

预设推理与语篇情景组合模式

预设推理是一种以读者经验争认知结构为基础的认知活动.对语篇语义的理解,既需要读者解读语言因素又需要读者的非语言因素的参与,即与语篇相关的预设推理.语篇情景组合就是作者利用先前存入的知识以及认知能力并与文本中的符号产生联系,以互明的认知情境为栽体,在话语之间建构最佳关联,以取得最大语境效果,创设情景的心理认知过程.文章拟从读者在解读语篇时所采用的预设推理方法以及作者在建构语篇时所采用的语篇情景组合模式两方面来探讨含义推导的心理认知过程.     

杜拉斯作品中的“音乐”

法国当代女作家玛格丽特.杜拉斯的作品大多围绕爱、写作、等待、欲望、死亡等主题展开叙述,在她众多作品中,散布着许多音乐的元素。音乐甚至取代了人物的语言,揭示着作品的主题,暗示着人物的内心情感波动,预示着令人绝望的爱情,推动着故事情节向前发展。杜拉斯笔下的＂音乐＂低沉暧昧、似有似无,令人躁动不安,并唤起人物和读者心底最难以名状的无法忘怀的痛苦和忧伤,而这就是她独特的音乐性叙事风格。     

我国未来民法典中私法责任承担方式的立法选择——兼论停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、返还财产的二元定位

我国《民法通则》、《物权法》和《侵权责任法》同时规定了停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、返还财产等救济方式.在以上三部法律中,这些救济方式性质、内涵是否相同并不明确,在法律适用过程中极易引起混乱,也为未来民法典设计私法责任承担方式设下了制度障碍.本文认为,停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、返还财产既可以作为绝对权请求权,又可以作为私法责任承担方式,二者具有各自的独立性.这种二元定位具有理论与现实的意义,未来民法典应该作出科学的立法技术处理.     

“毕竟”类语气副词与预设

现行工具书把“毕竟”类语气副词解释为“表示追根究底所得的结论”,“强调原因或特点”,“归根到底。有加强语言的作用”等,但并未揭示出这类副词的全部含义。如对“小张反反复复地给小王解释了老半天,小王毕竟明白了”;“小张反反复复地给小王解释了老半天,小王还是不明白,小张毕竟没办法了”这样的句子,用现行释义无法说明其错在何处。通过对该类词语在陈述句中的预设及与让转句之间逻辑语义关系的分析,提出井证明“毕竟”类词语具有隐性的语法功能,即表让步转折关系。