高校招生网上录取的实践与思考

传统录取模式以人工录取为主 ,并辅以计算机管理。随着全国高校招生规模逐年猛增 ,这种旧的录取方式已越来越显示出它的落后和不足。利用现代计算机技术和网络信息技术 ,对传统录取模式进行改革 ,实现网上录取 ,已成为高校招生录取工作中的一个新课题。这种变革必将推动中国高等教育事业的迅速发展。     

我国硕士研究生入学考试制度中的结构性缺陷及对策研究

从结构主义教育观的视角,剖析了目前我国硕士研究生入学考试制度中所存在的弊端:初试内容僵化、复试作用薄弱;过于重视专业系统理论知识的笔试技能考核,忽视考生的实践经历、创新能力、人文素质、心理素质等方面的测试.针对这些问题,提出了如下应对措施:改变入学考试的时间及内容安排;鼓励考生基于自己的科研兴趣来选择参加复试的高校和专业;以更灵活的方式考核考生的专业基础知识水平;重视考生的社会实践经历,加大其在最终决定录取结果的众多条件中的权重;增加考生心理素质的测试.     

Air pollution effects on hospital admission rates: A random effects modeling approach

Statistical methods are proposed to analyze parallel time series of hospital-based health data and measurements of ambient air pollution. Specifically, associations between the number of daily health events (hospital admissions or emergency-room visits for respiratory illnesses) and daily levels of ambient air pollutants in the vicinity of several hospitals are examined. A relative-risk regression model is proposed in which the regression parameters are assumed to vary at random among hospitals. Adjustment for seasonal trends in admissions are also considered. Simple computational methods based on generalized estimating equations are explored as the basis for statistical inference. The proposed methods are illustrated on data obtained from 164 acute-care hospitals in Ontario over the May-to-August period for 1983 to 1988. These admission rates are related to ozone levels obtained from 22 monitoring stations maintained by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment.     

一种用计算机指导考试命题的方法

本文提供了一种用计算机为选拔性测验指导命题的方法。其具体过程是建立一个数学模型来模拟某次考试的试卷,该模型以录取率、试卷中每题的各种可能的得分和对应的得分概率等为原始输入参数,以录取分数线和考生分数分布曲线作为输出,并编制了相应的程序让计算机完成数据处理。借助于该方法,命题者能够通过调整评分标准和各题的难度来获得满意的录取分数线和考生分数分布曲线,尤其是用该方法在考试后能通过改变各大题内部的评分标准适当调整考试结果。它对于搞好大型选拨性考试具有一定的指导意义与实用价值。     

Elective Patient Admission and Scheduling under Multiple Resource Constraints

We consider a patient admission problem to a hospital with multiple resource constraints (e.g., OR and beds) and a stochastic evolution of patient care requirements across multiple resources. There is a small but significant proportion of emergency patients who arrive randomly and have to be accepted at the hospital. However, the hospital needs to decide whether to accept, postpone, or even reject the admission from a random stream of non‐emergency elective patients. We formulate the control process as a Markov decision process to maximize expected contribution net of overbooking costs, develop bounds using approximate dynamic programming, and use them to construct heuristics. We test our methods on data from the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and find that our intuitive newsvendor‐based heuristic performs well across all scenarios.     

资源约束下的制度博弈与演进——关于“北大”与“清华”自主招生之争的经济学辨析

大学自主招生选拔考试有打破信息不对称的趋势。由于制度性特许而获得先行地位,＂北大＂与＂清华＂为首的两个高校集团的竞争性自主招生,不仅发生于联盟内部,更影响到外部即高等教育整体,无论在广义或狭义上,都只加剧优质生源从而优质教育资源的稀缺性。大学地位的演进,大学核心竞争力的提升,是在各相关主体的博弈和体制与机制变迁中进行,因此,教育选拔,首先选拔的是制度,其次才是选拔人。＂北大＂与＂清华＂自主招生之争的经济学意义,就在于它用更宽泛的资源要素视野观照教育,从制度转型层面,撬动了我国高教领域资源配置方式的若干改革。     

自认中的意思表示

证据制度是沟通民事实体法和程序法的一座桥梁。作为民法的基本概念的意思表示在证据制度中同样有所体现,自认即是其中之一。笔者认为,基于民事诉讼追求真实和解决纠纷的目的,作为一种通过法院和当事人的相互配合探索真相的最佳方式,作为一种能够导致实体法上的后果的诉讼行为,自认本质上就是一种意思表示,意思表示是贯穿自认制度的主线之一。     

移动网络中一种呼叫接入控制方案及分析

提出了一种可变预留信道数方案,该方案计算在不同呼叫到达率下能达到最佳服务等级的预留信道数,将实时呼叫到达率反馈到系统中,呼叫接入控制针对不同的呼叫到达率设置不同的预留信道数,在新呼叫阻塞率和切换呼叫掉话率之间寻求平衡,以期达到最佳服务等级。通过对不同呼叫接入控制机制的仿真,验证了新的呼叫接入控制机制的优点。     

Hierarchical Multi‐skill Resource Assignment in the Telecommunications Industry

We formulate a discrete time Markov decision process for a resource assignment problem for multi‐skilled resources with a hierarchical skill structure to minimize the average penalty and waiting costs for jobs with different waiting costs and uncertain service times. In contrast to most queueing models, our application leads to service times that are known before the job is actually served but only after it is accepted and assigned to a server. We formulate the corresponding Markov decision process, which is intractable for problems of realistic size due to the curse of dimensionality. Using an affine approximation of the bias function, we develop a simple linear program that yields a lower bound for the minimum average costs. We suggest how the solution of the linear program can be used in a simple heuristic and illustrate its performance in numerical examples and a case study.     

地方高校新生“不报到”现象分析及对策——以肇庆学院为例

近年来,高考平均录取比例不断增长,考生被录取后不报到现象日益突出。此问题既影响高校招生计划的完成,浪费教育资源,也损害了部分考生的升学权益。本文针对新生不报到现象进行调查和分析,并提出相应对策即在招生政策、教学质量、毕业生就业工作方面采取切实有效的措施,从而提高新生的报到率,保证高校招生工作的健康发展。