WTO规则与中国原产地证明商标保护

地理标记是特定产品来源的标记.<与贸易有关的知识产权协定>(TRIPS协定)是目前对地理标记规定得最为完善的国际条约.地理标记作为用来标明特定商品的来源地,在保护国际贸易秩序、维护消费者权益和产地声誉诸方面起了重要作用.中国已加入有关原产地保护的国际公约和协定,原产地域产品的法律保护制度,是我国在借鉴和吸收国外原产地命名、地理标志制度等通行惯例的基础上,结合中国国情建立起来的一项重要制度,它对原产地名称、原产地标识的证明商标权作了明确的规定.必须切实加强对原产地域产品的法律保护.     

Reproducibility of clinical data I: continuous outcomes

Across a variety of clinical settings, repeated measurements on an individual, obtained under identical circumstances, often differ from one another. This implies the measurements lack perfect reproducibility. Topics related to reproducibility of clinical measurements are introduced in this paper. In this first of two parts, continuous outcomes are addressed. The intraclass correlation coefficient, ρ, has been the traditional coefficient of reproducibility for continuous outcomes. The importance of ρ regarding observations on an individual, and observations among populations, is outlined. Estimation and inferential procedures for ρ are reviewed and worked examples are provided. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对特定民事纠纷人民调解前置程序的思考

特定民事纠纷非经适格的人民调解组织的调解,不得提起民事诉讼。该程序的引入,有利于实现纠纷解决资源的有效配置,完善多样化的纠纷解决机制。经调解达成的调解协议具有准司法文书的效力。     

Microdata Access and Labor Market Research: The U. S. Experience

Summary: The paper illustrates the value of broad researcher access to survey and administrative microdata using examples drawn from the U. S. experience, outlining how analyses of trends in earnings inequality, poverty and employment dynamics using such data have benefited policy makers and contributed to improvements in statistical agency data products. Methods of facilitating researcher access, including the release of public use files, the use of licensing agreements, and the establishment of research data centers, are discussed. * The author thanks Anne Polivka, Marilyn Seastrom and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper.     

地理标识保护与提高我国农产品竞争力

如何提高农产品国际竞争力是入世后我国农业特别要关注和解决的问题。WTO下关于地理标识的谈判已经与农产品谈判相联系。我国地理标识保护的两种模式不利于国内地理标识产品的保护,建议健全地理标识保护制度,提高我国农产品竞争力。     

试谈夫妻财产制度

夫妻财产制度，是有关夫妻财产的归属、管理、收益、使用和处分，夫妻债务的清偿，夫妻家庭生活等费用的负担，婚姻终止时夫妻财产的清算和分割，对外财产责任等的法律制度，是适用对象范围相当广泛的一项重要的财产制度。在私有经济等多种经济形式迅速发展今天，夫妻财产的内容和形式都有了较大了变化，呈现出多样化与复杂化趋势，对夫妻财产制度问题的即时探讨，有着重要的现实意义。     

Category Distinguishability and Observer Agreement

It is common in the medical, biological, and social sciences for the categories into which an object is classified not to have a fully objective definition. Theoretically speaking the categories are therefore not completely distinguishable. The practical extent of their distinguishability can be measured when two expert observers classify the same sample of objects. It is shown, under reasonable assumptions, that the matrix of joint classification probabilities is quasi-symmetric, and that the symmetric matrix component is non-negative definite. The degree of distinguishability between two categories is defined and is used to give a measure of overall category distinguishability. It is argued that the kappa measure of observer agreement is unsatisfactory as a measure of overall category distinguishability.     

Conditional inference for subject-specific and marginal agreement: Two families of agreement measures

A two-stage procedure is described for assessing subject-specific and marginal agreement for data from a test-retest reliability study of a binary classification procedure. Subject-specific agreement is parametrized through the log odds ratio, while marginal agreement is reflected by the log ratio of the off-diagonal Poisson means. A family of agreement measures in the interval [-1, 1] is presented for both types of agreement. The conditioning argument described facilitates exact inference. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by way of an example involving hypothetical data chosen for illustrative purposes, and data from a National Health Survey Study (Rogot and Goldberg 1966).     

试论未成年子女在我国离婚制度中的地位

离婚不仅是个人的问题，而且它还会产生极大的社会影响，具有深刻的社会性．因此，离婚制度一直是一项普遍而重要的法律制度。作为离婚的后果之一──未成年子女的保护问题得到了人们越来越多的关注。随着我国近年来离婚率的上升，有必要尽快地完善我国的离婚法制制度，从司法制度上有效地保护未成年子女的权益，以利于其成长。     

日本入侵华北与昭和天皇

日本关东军强占我国东北地区、建立伪满洲国之后,又加紧谋划侵吞热河,以武力胁迫中国政府签订《塘沽协定》,并积极向华北进行武力扩张,推进"华北分离政策"。在这一过程中,昭和天皇不仅清楚地了解整个战局,而且通过增兵支援、颁布敕语等方式认可并嘉奖了关东军的侵略行径,助长了日本法西斯主义的蔓延。