On Tests Based on Sample Quasi Ranges for Ordered Alternative (Scale Case of Exponential Distribution)

The analysis of categorical response data through the multinomial model is very frequent in many statistical, econometric, and biometric applications. However, one of the main problems is the precise estimation of the model parameters when the number of observations is very low. We propose a new Bayesian estimation approach where the prior distribution is constructed through the transformation of the multivariate beta of Olkin and Liu (2003 Olkin , I. , Liu , R. ( 2003 ). A bivariate beta distribution . Stat. Probab. Lett. 62 : 407 – 412 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Moreover, the application of the zero-variance principle allows us to estimate moments in Monte Carlo simulations with a dramatic reduction of their variances. We show the advantages of our approach through applications to some toy examples, where we get efficient parameter estimates.     

论选择性罪名的立法基础

选择性罪名是我国刑法典中的一种立法现象。选择性罪名的存在具有合理性和合目的性。其中,合理性主要表现在,选择性罪名是现实生活中犯罪高概率并发性的反映,也是立法者追求刑法条文简约性的表现。合目的性主要表现在,立法者通过选择性罪名的立法设置,可以增强刑法规范对社会生活的涵盖功能,提升刑法规范在行为评价上的信息传递,保证相同性质的犯罪之间法定刑的平衡。     

An alternative response to "The best interests of the child thesis: some thoughts from Australia"

Many of the concerns about recent changes in child welfare services practice in Australia have also been raised in the USA. Although it certainly may be the case that mandatory reporting is causing a broadening of child welfare services in Australia, close data-informed scrutiny suggests that this is not the case in the USA. Further, there are positive alternatives to overly intrusive child welfare service interventions that are arising in the USA. There is reasonable evidence to suggest that too little protection rather than too much intrusion remains the more significant problem in the USA; this may also be true elsewhere. The quality and range of services certainly determines whether intrusion is helpful to children and families. In some cases, for example life-threatening health problems that parents will not or cannot treat, engaging the assistance of child welfare services should not be ruled out for ideological reasons.     

浅析倒签提单的性质

在国际贸易中,托运人为了掩盖自己的违约事实,往往与想要顺利拿到运费的承运人一起共同欺骗收货人,按照早于该票货物实际装船的日期签发提单,实施倒签提单行为。该种行为在很大程度上侵犯了非违约方的合法权利,也阻碍了国际贸易的顺利进行。倒签提单行为的性质,是违约责任与侵权责任竞合。     

3种热平衡积分法结果的比较

运用传统的、改进的和替换的热平衡积分法求解了一维单相融化问题,在不依赖精确解的情况下比较了3种积分方法近似解的精度.结果表明：在固定温度边界条件下选取二次函数近似时,传统的热平衡积分法较改进的和替换的热平衡积分法更准确,随着Stefan数的减小,3种积分法结果的误差都在减小.     

Decision-Making of Mothers in Hong Kong Regarding the Occasional Use of Alternative Child-Care Arrangements

This study examines the use of alternative child-care arrangements as an everyday life decision in a family context. Interviews with twenty-four mothers from a working class neighborhood in a new town in Hong Kong were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results of the analysis outlined: (a) the structural components of making a decision regarding alternative care, which consisted of demands, resource options, definitions of the situation, types of decision situations, and the respective decision-making strategies; and (b) the nature of decision-making processes, varying from ad hoc to standing. Together, these aspects illuminate how mothers make decisions regarding the use of alternative child-care arrangements and, in turn, the characteristics of family decision-making in everyday life.     

新公共管理的局限性及改进路径

新公共管理局限性的实践表征主要有伦理上的道德约束问题、制度上的市场限度问题、结构上的机构裂化问题、领导上的政治控制问题和文化上的模式转移问题共五个方面,其理论根源主要是经济学理论基础及单维价值取向、功能性组织模型及碎片化治理和管理学途径及企业化方法.新公共管理局限性的改进路径主要包括三个方面:从经济性价值到公共性价值,推行民主行政及公民参与;从功能性导向到问题性导向,引入整体政府及整体治理;从管理途径到多元化途径,寻求学科整合及知识增长.     

月亮别称与神话传说

月亮别称约有一百多种,关于月亮的神话传说也有398篇,本文通过分类解读月亮别称的内涵,反映出月亮别称就是古代神话传说的折射和回响,是月神话活的形式,是月神话活下来的真正的实体。     

视频分享网站间接侵权责任研究

在网络传播过程中,视频内容的不合法性是视频分享网站网络产业发展的瓶颈,因视频作品多为网络用户上传,所以其间接侵权责任的认定则是推动网络服务经济发展的关键。视频分享网站法律主体地位的特殊性决定了其间接侵权的认定。视频分享网站属于网络平台服务提供者,存在着“二次销售”的现象,因此其间接侵权行为可以分为帮助侵权和替代侵权。帮助侵权中的过错认定关键在于明确其注意义务;而替代侵权认定中的“直接经济利益”则是指通过从网络直接侵权行为中实际获得的单独费用或其所增加的费用。     

考虑决策者心理行为的混合型随机多属性决策方法

针对混合型随机多属性决策问题,提出一种考虑决策者心理行为的决策分析方法。在该方法中,首先将具有离散型随机变量、灰色型随机变量和语言型变量形式的属性值规范化到区间内;然后将决策者给出的针对不同时期的属性期望视为参照点,并通过计算方案属性值与参照点的距离构建方案的益损矩阵;进一步地,依据累计前景理论,计算方案在不同属性上的收益和损失价值,并在此基础上,通过集结不同属性和不同时期的方案前景值确定各方案的综合前景值,进而依据得到的综合前景值确定方案排序结果。最后,通过一个算例说明了该方法的有效性和可行性。