中国式加重犯未遂问题研究

主张区分加重构成与量刑规则,进而认为前者存在未遂而后者不存在未遂的观点,因与客观未遂论相冲突而不具有合理性。应该说,只要行为人主观上以侵害加重犯的保护法益为目标,客观上也对加重犯的保护法益形成了具体、现实、紧迫的危险,就应肯定加重犯未遂的成立。只要承认故意的结果加重犯概念,就难以否认结果加重犯未遂的成立;发生了加重结果而基本犯未遂的,成立结果加重犯未遂;“杀害被绑架人”以及“奸淫被拐卖的妇女”等结合犯,有成立加重犯未遂的余地;行为人主观上以数额（特别）巨大的财物为盗窃、诈骗目标,客观上也已经对数额（特别）巨大的财物造成具体、现实、紧迫的危险的,成立数额加重犯未遂,适用加重法定刑,同时适用未遂犯从轻减轻处罚规定;数人企图轮奸而未得逞的,不成立“二人以上轮奸”未遂;应区分情节“严重”与“情节”严重,不能完全排除情节加重犯成立未遂的可能性。     

Suicidal behavior and associated factors in sexually abused adolescents

Objectives

The aim of the present study is to determine the rate of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in sexually abused adolescents and to determine the factors associated with suicidal behavior.

Method

106 adolescents between the ages of 12–18 (94 girls, 12 boys) who were exposed to sexual abuse and referred for the preparation of forensic reports were included in the study. The investigators retrospectively examined the case files, forensic reports and social worker reports.

Results

It has been found that in cases exposed to sexual abuse, suicidal ideation developed in 63.2% (n = 67) of the individuals and 24.5% (n = 26) of them attempted suicide. The rate of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was higher in cases who live separately from one or both parents, those who have ASD or PTSD after sexual abuse, cases in which abuse involved penetration, cases who were abused by someone known or someone from the family, cases where sexual abuse was accompanied by coercion and physical violence, and those who were exposed to abuse continuously. Among girls, in cases who have suicide history before sexual abuse and those who were abused by more than one abuser, the rate of suicidal ideation was higher.

Conclusion

It has been shown in many studies that sexual abuse in childhood increases the risk of suicidal behavior. Consideration of the factors associated with suicidal behavior in victims of sexual abuse will be helpful to clinicians in preventing suicide attempts.     

高校建设工程全程审计监督刍议

随着高校扩招,多数高校出现用地面积不足,于是大幅度增加校舍或建设新校区。在高校建设工程中,对其进行全程监督是降低建设工程成本、提高教育资金使用效益的重要手段。本文从造价管理的角度对高校建设工程全程监督的要点进行分析,并结合江西师范大学在新校区建设中的做法,对其在建设工程全程监督中的尝试进行了介绍。     

走近毛泽东的心理世界:一次重要尝试--评介白鲁恂《作为领袖的毛泽东》

在目前已经发表的关于毛泽东的所有传记性研究论著中,白鲁恂的《作为领袖的毛泽东》,无疑应该是特别值得注意的一本。该书为走近历史伟人毛泽东的心理世界,作了一次最重要、"最典型",甚至也是迄今为止最成功的尝试。尽管由于知识背景、政治立场等原因,白鲁恂只是"走近",而没有真正"走进"毛泽东的心理世界,但对我们全面理解毛泽东而言,这一尝试即便今天也仍然具有相当的借鉴意义。     

辽蕃和亲初探

辽与西蕃通婚，是辽对西夏实行遏制政策的一个组成部分，意在增加对抗西夏的砝码，其直接动因则是北宋仁宗朝联蕃制夏方针的转变。但由于辽、吐蕃和西夏三方构不成一个稳定的三角关系，致使辽蕃和亲不仅未能达到预期的政治目的，反而成为其后双方交恶的主要原因。尽管如此，和亲在客观上还是促进了契丹与吐蕃民族之间的经济文化交流。     

论罗亭对“多余人”的超越

本文以“多余人”奥涅金和毕巧林的形象作为参照系,并联系俄罗斯当时的社会现实和精神环境,通过对罗亭的人生态度、思想能力、事业尝试等几方面的对比分析,论证了罗亭对“多余人”命运的超越。罗亭虽然最后没有实现他改革社会的人生理想,但他为他的理想做了最大限度的努力,他就像推石上山的西西弗斯一样,不知疲倦。永不息止地奋斗着,罗亭一直在积极行动着,直到献出宝贵的生命,而这行动本身就是他生命价值的一种体现。     

知县蓝鼎元历史品格的解读

在清初潮普地区社会治理实践中，双重性品格亦即实政实治之官与社会中介功能，矛盾性品格亦即理想与现实、保守与先进的矛盾，二者构成了知县蓝鼎元的历史品格，前者体现出了县官群体的一般性特征，后者则为国家与社会、传统与现代、官府与民众等诸多矛盾作用下的必然。人物历史品格研究能够洞察到历史人物内在的共性与特性，不失为拓展清代政治人物研究的一种尝试。     

The Effects of Sexual Orientation,Gender Identity,and Gender Role on the Mental Health of Women in Taiwan's T-Po Lesbian Community

SUMMARY

We obtained via the Internet a convenience sample of Taiwanese heterosexual (n = 287) and sexual minority females (n = 260). A significantly greater percentage of sexual minorities (lesbian and bisexual females) than heterosexuals reported they had used tobacco or alcohol. Relative to heterosexuals, sexual minorities were significantly more likely to report a serious suicide attempt. Overall, gender identity (masculine, feminine, and androgynous) and gender role (butch, femme, and pure or undifferentiated) were poor discriminators of lesbian mental health. Differences between sexual minorities and heterosexuals were more robust than were the variations in gender identities and gender roles among lesbian and bisexual women. We discuss the implications of these findings for further clinical research.     

不能犯基本问题比较探析

我国立法上没有不能犯这一术语及相关规定,而刑法理论和实务中则通常把不能犯定位于犯罪未遂的一种加以研究和处理。然而,不能犯尽管具有一定的危险性,但是与未遂犯的危险性相比是有区别的。不能犯中,行为人主观上尽管存在恶性,但人的内心并不能危害法益,只有行为才有可能危害或威胁法益,刑法也正是通过对危害或威胁法益的行为追究刑事责任来保护法益的。所以,对不能犯科处与一般未遂犯相同的处罚是不妥当的。     

Mental Health of Transgender People in Hong Kong: A Community-Driven,Large-Scale Quantitative Study Documenting Demographics and Correlates of Quality of Life and Suicidality

A community-driven survey of 106 transgender people (the first such survey in Hong Kong) showed that: (1) more than half the sample (50.9%) had a university degree or higher qualification; (2) despite this, 43.4% had a monthly income below HK$6,000 (about USD$775); (3) 66% reported “fair” or “poor” quality of life; (4) 67% of the sample (87.1% of respondents aged 15–24 years) had contemplated suicide; and (5) 20.8% of the sample (35.5% of respondents aged 15–24 years) had attempted suicide. It was found that (1) those who were single, had a lower monthly income, and identified as transgender women reported lower quality of life; and (2) those who were younger and on a lower income expressed higher suicidality. The findings suggest that service providers and policy makers urgently need to address the mental health needs of transgender people, particular younger transgender people.