学术性趣味性可读性完美融合的典范——读安藤更生吉川弘文馆本《鉴真和上》

吉川弘文馆本《鉴真和上》,是日本现代鉴真研究权威安藤更生博士生前撰写的最后一部鉴真传记。虽然写得比较通俗,但由于作者是在多年专题研究的基础上写成的,仍具有很高的学术价值。不仅如此,该传记在写法上还非常注重科学性、知识性、趣味性和可读性的完美融合,堪称名人传记的典范之作。同时也是一部研究鉴真和中日文化交流史的必读参考书。     

《孟子》的传记文学特征——兼论对韩愈《张中丞传后叙》的影响

《孟子》常常通过叙述事件来阐发道理及思想,擅长借助场景及情节的设置来表现人物或阐说道理,写人叙事都以极其简约之笔进行点染,在刻画人物时也常使用对比的手法。这种在论辩中夹述人物及事件的笔法对韩愈的《张中丞传后叙》产生了很大影响。韩愈此文的前半部分全以议论辩驳为主,最得孟子以事寓理的论辩艺术之精髓;在人物描摹上也继承了孟子擅长点染和对比的手法,以传神之笔突出英雄的个性。     

Using reflexivity to explain variations in migration among the highly-skilled

ABSTRACT

Migration literature has traditionally distinguished between different motivations of migration, such as labour, family and newly also lifestyle migration, never fully exploring the background of these motivations. This article suggests that these different motivations may be explained by different modes of reflexivity as distinguished by Margaret Archer. Linking modes of reflexivity with migration motivations addresses two problems in current migration literature. First, it provides for practical application of reflexivity in explaining migration motivations, which has been missing so far. Second, the article advocates using psycho-social approach as opposed to more commonly adapted ethnical or class based explanations in understanding migration behavior, hence avoiding the potential trap of falling into the trap of methodological nationalism or classism. Through the interview with highly-skilled Estonian migrants it is shown that the reasons of migration among highly skilled are versatile and cannot be explained solely by their class background.     

Twelve Jewish boys from the class of '47 of a Budapest grammar school – and their families: memories and reminiscences

Based on personal memory and interviews with former classmates the author outlines the lives of 12 men from the professional middle class, who between 1939 and 1947 attended a segregated “Jewish class” of a renowned Budapest grammar school. The article follows their youth, education, survival of the Holocaust and their careers at home or abroad till the end of the twentieth century. Additionally, as far as it became known, one or two generations of ancestors, siblings, and spouses, and one or two generations of offspring are also presented. Finally, central issues of the lives of the “boys,” such as emigration, political conformism, and, above all, assimilation to the majority society will be discussed in separate chapters. These life and family histories may be regarded as typical of a not insignificant segment of Budapest Jewish society.     

Creating Foster Care Youth Biographies: A Role for the Internet

ABSTRACT

Large numbers of youth continue to enter foster care despite federal and state efforts to minimize placement. Some youth will experience lengthy tenure in care with multiple placements and be at risk for adverse events. They are also at risk for losing an accurate biography of their childhoods. We suggest a two-tiered approach to help youth develop a personal history. Agencies can establish a digital depository of basic information including pictures that document the life course of the youth. Agencies can help youth procure e-mail accounts. These e-mail accounts are under the control of the youth and can function as an electronic diary. Thus, youth would have a portable life biography and sense of self over time.     

Biographical Sketches of Elderly African-American Women in Later Life

ABSTRACT

The research concerning the African-American elderly is limited, since this group is made up of less than eight percent of the entire U.S. population. Due to discriminatory practices in the U.S., based on race and gender, the African-American elderly woman has some unique issues facing her in old age. This paper will present three qualitative interviews of African-American women from age 65 to 100. These biographical sketches will report how these women dealt with family traditions, lifestyle changes, and growing old in their lives. Their perceptions of personal joys and frustrations, plus attitudes about how race, not gender, was a significant factor in their lives, will be reported. Education and religion were life-long strengths in their lifestyle.     

The relationality of maternity care: A diffractive analysis of maternity care experiences

ProblemPervasive polemics of differing approaches to and values of maternity care limit possibilities of nuanced and productive understandings of how maternity care is experienced.AimTo explore how maternity care identities (midwife, obstetrician, childbearing woman) are shaped by binarised conceptualisations of childbirth.MethodsThe diffractive analysis of data gathered in collective biography research groups.Findings and discussionMaternity care identities are not complete, pre-established entities, but rather are, ‘in the making’, remade in every maternity care encounter.ConclusionMaternity care identities are defined by their encounters with other maternity care identities, and therefore, each maternity care identity plays a role in which experiences of maternity care come into being.     

肖凤:新中国现代女作家传记写作第一人

肖凤1980年以其《萧红传》一书打开了新时期传记文学相对沉寂的局面,探讨了传记写作的新模式,形成了独特的艺术风格,在传记作品可读性与史料性的结合点上做出了可贵的贡献。这一方面奠定了肖凤在现代女作家传记写作方面的地位,一方面带动了整个作家传记创作。     

《四库全书》本《唐才子传》考略

《四库全书》本《唐才子传》是四库馆臣以《永乐大典》"事韵"、"姓氏"中文字缀合而成的。与《永乐大典》原文及元刊本相校,《四库全书》本在体例和文字方面均有改动,但其中异文对《唐才子传》校勘的价值不大。     

论方外传记中的类传

方外传记中的类传,是专门记载性质相同、行为相近的僧侣、道士或世俗教徒事迹的一种传记形式,它产生于魏晋时期,以后代代相承,颇有发展。其中《高僧传》是中国佛教史上第一部系统的僧人类传,《大唐西域求法高僧传》则记载了中国僧人和朝鲜、越南僧人以及中亚细亚僧人总计56人西行求法的事迹,是一部具有国际意义的僧人类传。明清以来,民间佛教与居士佛教开始发展起来,因此,描写世俗教徒的类传也得到发展,清代彭际清所编的《居士传》,可谓居士类传的集成之作。僧人类传在形式上受到史传中的类传的影响,但是在记载内容、思想观念和叙事风格上都有明显的差异。