思想和艺术颇丰的史论名篇——浅析欧阳修的《五代史伶官传序》

《五代史伶官传序》是一篇思想深邃 ,艺术精湛的著名史论 ,作者欧阳修借古讽今 ,提出“忧劳可以兴国 ,逸豫可以亡身”的深刻论断。同时 ,在写法上也颇具艺术特点。本篇对后世影响深远     

惩恶劝善以传无穷——论唐代古文家写作传记的宗旨

唐代散传文学的兴盛和古文家的创作宗旨密切相关,兼具文才和史才的古文家们一方面秉承史传的传统,力求"惩恶劝善";另一方面,他们又重在抒发个人的情志,敢于"不平则鸣",以使文章能永传无穷.由此在唐代出现了大量的传记文学佳作.     

科学史中的师承关系初探

科学史中的师承关系呈现出以下特点:近代以前表现为严格意义上的师徒关系;近代以来,科学史上的师徒关系逐渐由研究者与助手之间的关系和师生关系所取代,这种关系又大多最终转变为同事关系;一人从多师的现象逐渐增多。社会的发展,科学自身的发展,科学教育在学校教育中的地位上升,是科学史中师承关系变迁的主要原因。性格、人格、氛围等隐性知识的传承是科学师承的主要内容,这些隐性知识的传承对科学家的健康成长有重要意义。科学人物传记的写法对理解科学史及其科学史中师承关系中的马太效应具有特殊意义。     

朝鲜许筠的"人物传"研究

许筠的“人物传”取舍和褒贬之中反映了作者的价值观取向。在《严处士传》与《荪谷山人传》中,许筠一方面阐发其不拘一格任用人才的观念,一方面塑造了理想中的不沽名钓誉、不做乡愿的真儒形象。《南宫先生传》、《张山人传》、《蒋生传》则借鉴唐传奇的写作方法,参考《太平广记》中的神仙故事模式,表达他佛道合流的理想,以及对道教修炼内丹的认同和对海外仙山的向往。这些作品不但显明了许筠其人的思想内涵和文学成就,而且折射出当时的社会思潮。     

试论汉魏六朝人物传写的小说化倾向

汉魏六朝杂传,抛弃正统史传对人物的历史化定位,关注个体生命,描写日常生活,人物传写趋向生活化;摆脱了史传对政治资鉴和道德劝诫目的的追求,关注人物性格,注重对人物的性格刻画,人物传写趋向个性化;并在此基础上运用细节描写等手法,对人物进行从外貌到性格品行的传神写照,刻画出一个个充满个性的人物形象。无论是从人物传写的取向与重心,还是就人物形象本身而言,汉魏六朝杂传的人物传写都体现出明显的小说化倾向。     

德山缘密禅师生平思想研究简

德山缘密禅师为云门下一世,禅法精湛,门徒众多。缘密“三句”及抽“顾”对于云门宗风之形成与发展起到了巨大促进作用。通过对禅宗早期史料中关于缘密的资料进行分析、对比及推理,对包括其生卒、参谒文偃时间、经历朝代等生平作详细考证;对其禅法思想之于云门宗风的定型与发展,云门宗在宋初的兴盛所起之重大作用作相关阐释,为了解、研究缘密以及宋初云门宗发展状况提供必要参考。     

The social science of biographical life‐writing: some methodological and ethical issues

The enterprise of biography inhabits a liminal world at the intersections of fact and fiction, (social) science and art, objective narrative and personal life story. While social scientists write, use and are the subjects of, biographies, there is relatively little discussion in the methodological literature as to the nature of biography as a form of life‐writing. This paper discusses some of the issues of method and of ethics and reflexivity encountered during the research and writing of a biography of the prominent social scientist Barbara Wootton (1897–1988). It considers questions of consent and responsibility, the ‘triangulation’ of data derived from different sources (e.g. interviews, archives, autobiographical accounts; letters, published work and references to, and about, it), the relationship between biographer and biographee, the legitimacy of links between the private and the public, and issues of ‘bias’ and interpretation in the production of biographical narrative.     

In memory of C. West Churchman (1913–2004) Reminiscences,retrospectives, and reflections

Abstract

C. West Churchman, the grand old man of the ‘systems approach’, is dead. Born on 29 August 1913 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he was 90 years of age. After a rich and significant life of scholarship, he died on 21 March 2004 in Bolinas, California. A former student and collaborator of Professor Churchman offers this commemorative essay. He looks back on his years with West (as everybody called him) at the University of California, Berkeley, and reflects on the way this changed his understanding of the systems approach. The paper also offers a sketch of some of the core concerns and concepts of Churchman’s philosophy of social systems design; a short summary of his professional career; an overview of his major publications; and a list of recommended readings.     

Activity Spaces,Biographies, Social Networks and their Welfare Gains and Externalities: Some Hypotheses and Empirical Results

The repeated interactions and exchanges in formal and informal networks, e.g. family, firms, associations, friendship circles, regulars of a bar, are central to our daily life. There is no reason to assume that the geography of the members of the networks, to which one belongs, has not been affected by the seminal drop in transport and telecommunication costs since 1950. The article will develop a conceptualisation of the dynamics of the interaction between the geographies of the social networks and of activity space growth. Against this background more detailed, testable hypotheses about the change of the geographies, of the contact intensity distributions and numbers of contacts will be derived. The hypotheses will be illustrated with results from a number of surveys, in which first attempts have been undertaken to obtain the necessary data to test the hypotheses. The final section will discuss the impact of the hypotheses, if found to be true, on both transport modelling and transport policy.     

论汉武三传及其传人策略的典型意义

汉武三传,即指《汉武故事》、《洞冥记》和《汉武内传》,三传为突出汉武帝好神仙的品性,主要采录那些带有明显虚诞性质的求道访仙之事,而通过这些虚诞之事展现出来的汉武帝形象,无疑与历史的真实有相当的距离,具有明显的虚构性特征。汉武三传的这一传人策略值得注意,在汉魏六朝杂传中具有典型意义,而正是这一传人策略的运用,造成了汉魏六朝杂传普遍的小说化倾向,导致唐人传奇生成土壤的形成和条件的成熟,并最终促成传奇小说的兴起。对汉魏六朝杂传传人策略的考察,有助于更加深入地理解与把握汉魏六朝杂传的小说品格以及唐人传奇小说的渊源流变。