Developing the new socialist Czechoslovak state: abortion,eugenics, and the politics of choice between 1945 and 1962

ABSTRACT

The author analyzes the political and medical discourses surrounding the legalization of abortion in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and the establishment of the institution of abortion commissions to approve women’s demands. Through a genealogical intersectional lens, she explores the continuity of this rationality, which started to fear the degeneration of the collective more than its depopulation. As the Cold War commenced, for the first time in history Czechoslovak women obtained reproductive rights, particularly when a pregnancy was recognized as a threat to women’s and children’s health. Drawing on biopolitical theories and other critical feminist scholarship that have problematized the liberal underpinnings of choice and autonomy, the author demonstrates how eugenics trespassed from expert circles into politics, and, with the help of planned parenthood, recreated a complex system of socio-biological classes, determining who should reproduce and whose life was worth living, and worth protecting. The text defies the classic totalitarian thesis that divides peoples and society into two types, the totalitarian subject and its liberal counterpart. The author argues that, regardless of the political system, abortion rights operate as a regulatory strategy of power aimed at maintaining a certain population optimum by re-defining women’s responsibilities to deliver a healthy child into a healthy environment.     

脆弱的团结:对台兴工厂连锁骚乱事件的分析

全球化正在改变中国的产业结构和劳资关系，在华南地区兴起的大量代工企业中，数以千万计的外来打工者面临外来资本和本地政府的双重压迫，他们基于生存而进行的抗争是一种脆弱的抗争。本文从微观机理上剖析了抗争发生的原因及骚乱升级的机会结构，指出了抗争走向失败或沉寂的社会根源，并以此回应海内外其他学者的观察。     

Not Thinking Ethnicity: A Critique of the Ethnicity Paradigm in an Over-Ethnicised Sociology

The many critical approaches to an 'ethnicity framework' have fallen short of a very possible conclusion—that the language of ethnicity provides, for the most part, a poor paradigm with which to work. In the present paper we seek not only to re-state some key weaknesses of this paradigm but also to suggest that these weaknesses are more general in an over-ethnicised sociology. There are numerous critiques of particular models or elements of ethnicity thinking, including critiques of primordialist approaches (Fenton 2003), of multiculturalism ( Barry 2000 ), and of the over-objectification of groups (Brubaker 2004; see also Jenkins 2008). The major critiques constitute a strong case against 'thinking with ethnicity'; the broader weaknesses are more general in contemporary 'identitarian' sociology. From this position we turn to the question of offering an alternative approach in a sociology which emphasizes agency, and is grounded in an analysis of actors in material situations. This is allied to the concept of ideational resources, social categories and identities upon which actors draw, and a middle-range view of causality and tendency in social change. Ideas of ancestral belonging are among those ideational resources, and these ideas and assumptions are played out in a context of material and political change. The subject of study is not ethnicity, but power, resources, social relations and institutions (which may and may not be) informed by cultural identities and ideas of ancestry. The strategy of the paper will be first to re-state the deficiencies of 'ethnicity thinking' and second to offer an alternative framework for thinking about social action and social structure.     

类胡萝卜素对花玛丽鱼体色影响的最适量研究

将４月龄花玛丽鱼（Ｍｏｌｌｉｅｎｓｉａ Ｖｅｌｉｆｅｒａ）３００尾随机分成６组，每组５０尾，设１对照组和５个处理组，各处理组饲料在对照组饲料的基础上分别添加１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的类胡萝卜素（Ｃａｅｒｏｔｅｎｏｉｄｓ），在近２个月的试验中，每隔７ ｄ从每一组中随机抽取５－６尾鱼测定鱼体肌肉中所含类胡萝卜素的量，通过对鱼体体色的对比观察和鱼体肌肉中所沉积的类胡萝卜素量的比较，结果表明：花玛丽鱼饮料中添加类胡萝卜素的最适添加量为４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

剧烈直立运动后的水平调整

剧烈的直立运动后 ,仍保持直立体位进行调整 ,极易导致心脏和大脑中枢缺乏正常的血液供应 ,长此以往会造成心脏和大脑中枢的严重伤害。“水平调整”这一新的方式及其运用 ,不但能缩短机体恢复正常的时间 ,而且对消除大运动量后的疲劳十分有效。     

新疆兵团团场建设中职工政治参与问题研究

加强职工群众政治参与是发展经济,建设屯垦戍边新型团场的客观需要。目前兵团团场职工政治参与的政策制度环境得到很大改善,政治参与的热情和参与意识有所增强,政治参与的形式和渠道不断创新,内容不断扩大;同时也存在参与的自觉性和主动性较低,参与的信心不足和参与能力较弱,参与的制度执行不到位等问题。职工政治参与的制约和影响因素包括经济、政治体制及其运行不完善因素等。兵团应通过发展经济、健全制度、创新载体、规范干部行为和提高职工素质等方面,促进和提高职工群众的政治参与能力。     

论知识经济对高校思想政治工作的挑战

针对知识经济对高校思想政治工作的地位、任务、内容和队伍建设等 4个方面产生的影响进行了探讨。认为 :知识经济的到来 ,将使高校思想政治工作的地位更加重要 ,任务更加艰巨 ,内容更加丰富。最后 ,对高校思想政治工作者的素质提出了更高的要求     

发现“边政学”:学术与时势之间的民国边政研究——评汪洪亮《民国时期的边政与边政学》

汪洪亮《民国时期的边政与边政学》一书将边政学还原于近代民族危机、国家重建的历史背景之下,将边政学的兴起置于中国边疆史地研究从传统向现代的学术转型这一学术语境中加以考察,首次相对完整地重建了近代中国边政学产生、发展及演变的历史事实,概述了民国边政学的学术面貌与特征,构建了民国边政学的发展谱系。这不仅有助于从历史的脉络、学术史的层面重新认识中国近代边疆史地研究,而且在边疆政治地位再度升温的当下,亦不无深刻之意义。当然,是书较着力于"边政学"的"今生",尤其是边政学与时局的关联,而对其"前世"着墨较少,从而未能很好地回答边政学究竟是清季以来的边疆史地研究的现代转换多一点,还是西学中直接移植并运用于中国本土的再造多一些。此外,"边政学"的学科独立性也是值得再深入考究的问题。     

Campus politics,student societies and social media

The university campus has often been seen as an important site for the politicization of young people. Recent explanations for this have focused attention upon the role of the student union as a means to enable a ‘critical mass’ of previously isolated individuals to produce social networks of common interest. What is missing from these accounts, however, and what this article seeks to address, is how these factors actually facilitate the development of political norms and the active engagement of many students. Drawing upon qualitative data from three countries we argue that it is the milieu of the smaller student societies that are crucial for facilitating the habitus of the student citizen. They provide the space for creative development and performance of the political self, affiliations to particular fields and access to cultural and social capital. Moreover, we contend that these processes of politicization are increasingly enacted through social media networks that foreground their importance for developing political habitus in the future.     

Project Re•Vision: disability at the edges of representation

The representational history of disabled people can largely be characterized as one of being put on display or hidden away. Self-representations have been a powerful part of the disability rights and culture movement, but recently scholars have analysed the ways in which these run the risk of creating a ‘single story’ that centres the experiences of white, western, physically disabled men. Here we introduce and theorize with Project Re?Vision, our arts-based research project that resists this singularity by creating and centring, without normalizing, representations that have previously been relegated to the margins. We draw from body becoming and new materialist theory to explore the dynamic ways in which positionality illuminates bodies of difference and open into a discussion about what is at stake when these stories are let loose into the world.