中国流通领域改革开放30年回顾

中国流通领域的改革开放是建立社会主义市场经济体制的重要内容。改革开放之前,中国流通领域长期存在高度集中而又封闭分割的特征,国内与国外市场、内贸与外贸相互隔绝,存在两个管理体制和两种政策环境。经过30年的改革开放,中国流通领域的体制环境已经面貌一新,开放型现代流通体制框架已经初步建立,与WTO接轨的商务管理体制已见雏形,商贸服务业的产业延伸促进了体制创新。改革的主要经验是,以对外开放为先导,以开放促改革;改革遵循先易后难、边破边立、逐步完善的渐进路径;突破传统商品流通领域框架,建立了容纳更多服务业的新商务体制。改革经验的经济学含义是,选择出口导向开放战略作为改革突破口具有必然性：商品与服务流通的市场结构与人力资本存在内在联系;扩大非物质产品流通是体制创新的重要基础。     

试论唐代朝廷对官员经商所采取的对策

唐代官员经商现象非常严重,甚至已经影响到了政府的有效统治。因而,唐朝廷采取了诸多措施来解决官员经商问题。其具体举措有：禁止官员与市场、商人接触,禁止官吏兼营商业,禁止官吏家属或其部人经商。但其收效却微乎其微。对这一问题进行论述,使之能对现实有一定的借鉴意义。     

日本大学学分制改革述评

日本大学的学分制源于美国,但并没有采用美国的完全学分制模式,而是引入了与学分制息息相关的平均绩点制、学分互换及插班入学、学分上限制度等,而且,这些改革措施目前仍然处于探索之中。由于管理体制、文化结构及现实问题等原因,日本大学没有选择关国的完全学分制模式,但它却选择了一个最适合自身的“日本模式”。     

理性认识学分制--基于中美两国学分制发展的比较研究

美国的学分制经历了自由学分制、限制学分制和弹性学分制三个阶段,是借鉴德国教育经验与本国实用主义教育思想相结合,不断适应美国高等教育发展实际需要的产物。在我国,由于受教育产业化思潮等因素的影响,缺乏相应的教育理念支撑以及制度建设的滞后,学分制在实际运行过程中产生了诸多误区。因此,我们必须站在国际化大背景下,以全球化的视野审视和推进学分制教学改革的方向和内容,消除认识上的误区,在完全学分制的理念下积极探索符合国情和校情的学分制,以“整体多元论”为指导推进学分制改革并不断完善学分制的实施细则。     

Standards, Competence and Knowledge: Initial Teacher Training and Business

Initial teacher training in England and Wales has undergone a number of reforms which have imposed greater central control on institutions and individual programs. The culmination of this process has been the introduction of a competence based model. In this paper the authors explore the factors which have led to the adoption of a competence based approach in many sectors of education and training. They describe how a Post Graduate Certificate in Education program has been developed to enable students to achieve competence through the establishment of links between education and business. They go onto consider the wider implications of this approach for teaching and learning. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Effects of Personality and Management Role on Perceived Values in Business Settings

This paper examines the effects ofpersonality variables and functional management role,either entrepreneur, manager in an entrepreneurialfirm, manager in a traditional firm, or small businessowner, on perceived business values. Functionalmanagement role had minimal discernible effects;personality variables differentiated entrepreneursfrom managers and produced many effects for ratings ofbusiness values. Results are discussed in terms ofMBTI and DISC theoretical constructs and theirimplications for entrepreneurship and management.     

我国科技企业孵化器运行的影响因素及对策

科技企业孵化器是培育和扶植高新技术中小科技企业的服务机构。影响我国科技企业孵化器有效运行的外部因素有政府、法律环境保障、投融资环境优化因素。影响科技企业孵化器有效运行的内部因素有运营模式、组织模式、经理人素质与入孵企业间的关系。我国科技企业孵化器应走多元化、市场化、效益化、专业化、资本化、品牌化、网络化和国际化的道路。     

以实地调研为基础的工商管理案例教学研究

实地调研是工商管理案例教学的微观基础,是培养务实型管理人才的有效途径,在分析现有工商管理案例教学存在问题的基础上,强调实地调研的重要性,明确以实地调研为基础的工商管理案例教学的目标与特色,并按照系统机理构建教学体系,设计评价指标,用以衡量其运行效果。     

近代无锡商团的性质及社会功能

商团是一个代表工商业主利益的自治性社会团体,在近代重要商埠承担了维护经济秩序和社会治安的职能。近代无锡商团以其实力、作为和影响而具有典型意义。商团成立之初即参加辛亥光复行动,但这只是部分团员的主动行为,而不是商团组织本身的职责。1927年,商团参与攻打总工会和工人纠察队,成为被国民党右派利用的工具,但它没有也不可能因此改变社会团体的性质。近代商团履行公共职能的实践表明,表达社会群体的利益诉求,协调利益矛盾和冲突,有待于建立有效的民主合作机制。     

On E‐Auctions for Procurement Operations

Electronic auctions have revolutionized procurement in the last decade. In many situations, they have replaced negotiations for supplier selection and price setting. While they have often greatly reduced transaction costs and increased competition, they have also encountered problems and resistance from suppliers resenting their intrusion on cooperative supplier/buyer relationships. In response to these issues, procurement auctions have evolved in radical new directions. Buyers use business rules to limit adverse changes. Some procurement auctions allow bidders to offer variants in the specifications of products to be supplied. Most important, some suppliers are allowing bidders to bid on packages of items, not just individual items. This tends to change procurement auctions from zero‐sum fights over supplier profit margins to win‐win searches for synergies. These changes have opened up many new research areas. Researchers are trying to improve how to deal with the computational issues involved in package auctions and to analyze the new auctions forms that are evolving. In general, equilibrium incentives are not known, and dealing with ties in package auctions is an issue. Computer scientists are analyzing the use of computerized bidding agents. Mechanisms that combine auctions with fixed buy prices or with negotiations need to be analyzed.