工程质量政府监督多层次利益分配与激励协同机制探究

The implementation of the government supervision of the quality of the project is an international practice. The basic form of government supervision of engineering quality is government supervision on the quality behavior of the engineering main bodies and its results by the competent government department entrusted. Its essence is a dual principal-agent process. The frequent accidents of the engineering quality reflect the loss and failure of the government law enforcement supervision of the engineering quality to some extent. Its root lies in the lack of endogenous power in the law enforcement supervision of the project quality government supervisors in the law enforcement supervision. Therefore, the incentive coordination mechanism of the government supervision based on the multi-level interest distribution is worth explored. In views of the multi-level management system which is formed by the government departments, government quality supervision organizations, quality supervision team (or group) for the government supervision of engineering quality. The benefit distribution function between every party is constructed, and the game model of the multi-level incentive and coordination for the government supervision in engineering quality is built. To solve and deduce from the first stage of the cooperative game and the second stage of the non-cooperative game, the cooperative game can obtain the reward coefficient: . The coordination degree of the best effort can be obtained by the non cooperative game. The result shows that:the coordination degree of government engineering quality supervisor is related to the coordination costs, and had nothing to do with fixed costs. The benefit distribution coefficient not only depends on the efforts of the quality government monitors, but also on the efficiency of other parties' efforts. The quality supervisors of the project will also focus on the coordination with other parties when enhancing their management capabilities to improve the overall performance of project quality government supervision. The strategy of the incentive coordination mechanism for the supervision and cooperation of the project quality government is:the government quality supervision team should set up the supervisory team properly, improve the coordination efficiency and reduce the cost of supervision-coordination to maximize the value of self-motivation. Quality supervision team (or group) should establish the partnership to improve the coordination efficiency for achieving the maximization of their own incentive value.The model and conclusion of incentive synergy mechanism based on multi-level benefit allocation mechanism are researched. It can provide theoretical support and practice reference for the market governance and supervision of general public goods.     

High value manufacturing (HVM) in the UK: case studies and focus group insights

This paper studies the internal mechanisms that allow organisations to become high value manufacturing (HVM). Using a qualitative methodology, three UK manufacturing companies formed in-depth case studies with semi-structured interviews, observations and historical data. The HVM value matrix of Martinez and co-workers is used to categorise each organisation’s value proposition. Wider benchmarking of the three organisations was carried out against a focus group with an additional seven manufacturing organisations. Thus, data from 10 manufacturing organisations are included in this research. The cases follow the ‘customer intimacy’ HVM discipline. The business processes supporting these value propositions were identified. Interestingly, each organisation’s desired value proposition differs from their current one. ‘Technological integrators’ predominantly rely on new product development (NPD) and Strategy processes, whereas ‘Socialisors’ rely predominantly on Strategy and Customer Relationship processes. Companies can use the findings to better understand their current HVM value proposition and, where necessary, plan their transition to a future desired HVM value proposition.     

Value drivers of social businesses: A business model perspective

Hybrid organizational forms that combine commercial and welfare institutional logics play an increasingly important role in addressing the grand societal challenges we face today. Building on the literatures on hybrid organizations and social business models, we explore the characteristics of social businesses from a business model perspective. This study seeks to better understand the particularities and value drivers of hybrid social purpose in contrast to purely commercial business models. We follow a grounded theory approach and our findings are based on interview data from 17 social business firms. Building on social businesses' identified particularities, we propose four value drivers of social business models: 1) responsible efficiency, 2) impact complementarities, 3) shared values, and 4) integration novelties. We link our findings to the literature, contributing new insights into social businesses models and implications for practitioners.     

Universal versus contextual effects on TQM: a triangulation study using neural networks

The objective of this study is to extend previous research on total quality management (TQM)-context-performance relationships and ‘fit’ using multiple methods. We combine artificial neural networks (ANNs) with structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse several hypotheses and propositions. This is the first study in this area of research that utilises ANNs and a triangulation technique in the presence of several contextual factors. The SEM analyses suggest that company size and industry type may have contingency effects on some of the TQM practices and/or TQM-performance relationships. However, the ANN models have shown that these two contingency factors do not moderate TQM outcomes, implying that all organisations can benefit from TQM regardless of size and type. As well, these models show that formal TQM implementation and/or ISO certifications do not add any predictive power to the ANN models except in one case: TQM implementation and/or ISO certification added to organisational effectiveness and customer results to predict financial and market (F&M) results. The results further indicate that even though implementing TQM alone has a bigger impact on F&M results than obtaining ISO certification alone, combining the two will have an even greater impact on these results. Joint implementation leads to greater improvements in organisational effectiveness, which, in turn, has a positive effect on customer results and consequently F&M results. This is a unique finding within the context of moderator effects on TQM-performance relationships.     

流程、合规与操作风险管理

商业银行风险管理研究中“违规活动—操作风险—信用风险”风险链条尚未得到足够重视． 巴塞尔委员会全面风险管理框架下的众多风险是分层次的,最底层是合规与操作风险,合规与操作风险做到位能极大降低其他风险发生的概率． 以往由于缺少数据支撑,信用风险的合规与操作风险动因无法建立,本文基于“流程—节点—风险点—控制措施—违规事件”关联模型,建立了合规与操作风险的动因库和损失数据库,并在理论上对风险链条上的风险传递关系进行初步探索． 首先基于流程对合规与操作风险动因进行解析,寻找深层次的人员违规和操作风险动因; 其次,探讨了金融机构如何通过业务流程再造改善合规与操作风险管理; 最后是基于流程的操作风险量化建模． 基于实践,总结提炼了“三位一体”的金融机构合规与操作风险管理模式,包含理论基础、信息系统和保障机制,该模式在诸多金融机构中得到运用,并取得显著成效．     

The implementation of digital technologies for operations management: a case study for manufacturing apps

Abstract

Manufacturing applications address business to business (B2B) with highly customised applications developed for specific requirements, offering highly specialised solution-oriented and service-based software components, systems, and digital tools that aim at a fast and accurate decision-making support system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of digital technologies for operations management using manufacturing or engineering apps (eApps), for product design and manufacturing processes. In particular, starting from the specific needs of two companies from mature European industries as automotive and food, this work depicts how this kind of solutions can support companies and improve their operations. In particular, related benefits and challenges faced for the full implementation of the developed tools are highlighted. Moreover a business model to exploit the manufacturing apps is also proposed. The business model proposed for the exploitation of the eApps supports the commercialisation of all the revenue streams offered by this rapidly growing sector taking into account the specific needs of the concerned stakeholders through a diversified value proposition.     

信息可信与贷款利率确定问题的供应链鲁棒模型分析

提供真实可信的企业信息是企业申请银行贷款时的必要条件,但银行可以选择相信这些信息的部分或者全部,从而提供不同的利率水平。本文研究可信信息与银行贷款利率制定之间的关系以及相应决策对借款企业所在供应链的影响问题。通过构建银行参与的由供应商和零售商组成二级供应链模型刻画了零售商存在资金货款需求的供应链金融情景。针对银行采用零售商提供的全部信息或部分信息情况,从供应链管理视角考察了鲁棒的报童方法和极大极小方法分别获得了银行的最优利率决策及其对供应链运营所造成的影响。研究表明,银行采用部分信息并不能有效增加其收益,但其利率决策对供应链整体运作效率有非常显著的影响。     

Ho-Lee利率模型下带有零息票债券的投资-消费模型

在随机利率环境下研究一类带有零息票债券的投资-消费问题,其中假设无风险利率是服从Ho-Lee利率模型的随机过程,且金融市场由一种无风险资产、一种风险资产和一种零息票债券所构成。投资人希望选择一种最优投资-消费策略来最大化其有限时间段内终端财富和累积消费的期望效用。文章应用动态规划原理和变量替换方法得到了幂效用和对数效用下最优投资-消费策略的显示解。算例分析演示了最优投资-消费策略随市场参数的变化而变化的动态行为,并给出了一些经济学涵义。     

网络组织的机制、演化与形态研究

本文以人们对生产组织制度的认识过程为线索,围绕网络组织的运行机制、形成过程以及多种多样的表现形态,探讨了网络组织的理论认知和实践活动.在与企业内部的强制调节、市场组织的自动调节进行比较后,作者论证了网络组织是一种比市场更有效、比企业更灵活的组织生产活动的方式.