Book Reviews

Using cross-sectional data from Ghana, Malaw i, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, a multilevel analysis was performed to determine the extent of correlation of nutritional status between children in the same family and geographical area. Weight-for-age z-scores were used as a measure of nutritional status for children up to three years of age. The percentage of children who were under-weight ranged from 16 in Zimbabwe up to 36 in Nigeria. The effects of socioeconomic factors and individual characteristics on nutritional status between countries varied. However in all six countries, the child's age was the most important factor associated with nutritional status. A clustering effect at the household level was found in all six countries, ranging from 24 per cent in Tanzania and Zimbabwe to 40 per cent in Malaw i. There was also a significant, but smaller, clustering effect at community level for Malaw i, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia.     

Learning Difference

SUMMARY

This paper explores some of the relationships between the ways in which (White) dominant group children learn about racial differences and the ways in which difference is represented within gay and lesbian families. Research in the latter area has typically provided two dominant (though contrasting) accounts of difference within gay or lesbian families: (1) that children of gay or lesbian parents will have a better understanding of difference; and (2) that there are no significant differences between heterosexual and gay or lesbian families. In order to explore the implications of this current research in regards to constructions of difference within predominantly White gay and lesbian families, an analysis of storybooks aimed at children with gay or lesbian parents was conducted. The findings suggest that representations of difference within such books often reinforce a White heterosexual norm for parenting. To counter this, it is proposed that a shift is required in research focusing on gay and lesbian families, the intent being both to examine the simultaneous ways in which race privilege and sexuality-based discrimination shape the lives of White lesbian or gay parents and to broaden the scope of research in this area to more adequately reflect the diverse communities it seeks to represent.     

汉语主动、被动简单句中的量词辖域释义

文章对汉语简单句结构中处于主语与宾语位置的量化名词词组间的交互关系具有歧义的现象,特别是主动、被动结构中辖域释义的不对称现象作了初步探讨,指出管约框架下的量词提升规则和辖域原则都不能对其做出圆满解释;而以最简方案的特征核查子理论为依据的辖域原则,依然无法解释汉语量词辖域的全部问题。文章建议在应用辖域原则的同时,考虑汉语主动、被动结构中语义因素的限制作用,在逻辑表达式中,把“都”和主题化特征处理为功能语类,把“被”处理为轻动词,则汉语主动、被动简单句中的量词辖域的不一致现象可以得到较为合理的解释。     

魏晋南北朝时期古典美学视野中的“丽”

“丽”是中国古典美学的重要审美范畴,贯穿于中国古典美学的整个历程。魏晋南北朝时期的“丽”已有意识地被纳入社会文化审美视野,被广泛地用来品评人物、景物(包括山水、服饰、建筑等),表现出多重审美内涵。建安文学、正始文学、两晋文学、六朝文学中,文章“丽”化,一以沿之。曹丕、陆机、刘勰、钟嵘等文论家纷纷自觉地运用“丽”来“品文论艺”,“丽”最终被理性地抽象出来,建构出一个独立自足的“丽”范畴审美体系,真正升格为一个能够多维度地综合地反映客观事物本质特征的审美思维系统。     

语言概念的认知特征

本文探讨语言概念与认知的关系。概念作为知识系统包含两种认知域:抽象的意义范畴和概念所指的世界万物。概念系统具有纵向和横向的结构特征,概念表征的范畴具有典型——外围结构,典型效应反映于人们的文化预期和思维方式。概念的属性还影响语义表述的方式、范围和句子结构。     

土地税种的国际比较与借鉴

土地税收是税收体系中的一个重要组成部分,具有增加财政收入,促进土地有效利用等重要作用。参考各国土地税种的设置,借鉴发达国家和地区的成功经验,设计出适合我国国情发展的科学的土地税种是十分必要的。文章对主要国家的土地税种进行了比较,并提出了完善我国土地税种设计的建议。     

四川彭州方言语流音变

语流音变是普通话的一个重要内容,直接影响一个人的普通话水平。本文在方言调查的基础上,分析了四川彭州方言语流音变的类型,归纳了彭州方言语流音变的特点,进一步总结出该方言区的人学习普通话在语流音变方面应该注意的问题。     

语义功能语法的理论研究与教学应用

语义功能语法是符合汉语自身特点的中国特色语法研究理论。它以语义为基础,语义语法范畴为中心,词和词组为基本单位,分类为重点,结合语义与表达研究语法形式,具有较强的解释性。文章对语义功能语法的上述特点进行了评析,并结合对外汉语教学的特点和要求探讨了语义功能语法在对外汉语教学中的应用。首先从范畴出发围绕语义与表达进行对外语法教学,其次运用此理论的研究方法解决教学难点问题,最后以此理论为基础建立对外汉语教学语法体系。     

弱势群体保障研究论纲

当前,由于弱势群体保障涉及领域广泛,导致目前对弱势群体保障研究在理论层面的梳理明显不足。因此,通过把握弱势群体保障研究的逻辑起点、研究范畴、保障实质、核心意义以及根本目的之间的内在关系,提纲挈领地推导和演化出能回返逻辑起点的理论循环,从而为弱势群体保障研究提供完整的逻辑思维。     

冯友兰四境界之社会伦理意义

冯友兰在抗日战争时期构建的四境界说,在现代社会的伦理变迁过程中,仍有其现实意义与功能。这里从自然境界、功利境界、道德境界和天地境界各自的特征入手,从文化功能和伦理道德的角度来认识这四个境界的意义与功能,从而给予客观的、合理的现实评价。