社区变迁中“人的城市化” 建构与反思———以ＮＪ 市ＸＬ 农牧场Ｓ 新村为例

伴随国家城镇化迅猛发展,新型城市社区建设也在迅猛推进。在城市化变迁与发展过程中,拆迁安置“新市民”能否适应新的城市化社区发展环境,新型城市化社区如何建设,成为目前社会建设与管理工作中面临的挑战和难题。回顾社区变迁相关理论研究成果,以一个典型“二元社会”农牧场的城市化社区变迁为例,揭示拆迁安置社区在城镇化变迁过程中的嬗变价值。研究发现,“二元社会”农牧场变迁为“新市民”社区,不但给社区建设带来了新课题,同时也使“人的城市化”建设迫在眉睫。积极推进社会管理体制改革,切实加强社会建设,使“人的城市化”理念得以落实和彰显,是“新市民”社区建设的主题。     

Dialect contact and distinctiveness: The social meaning of language variation in an island community

In this paper, we analyse linguistic variables which are well‐established in British English, the vowels in the trap and bath lexical sets. We demonstrate that the social meanings of these variables are both historically substantiated and locally‐elaborated. Our data is taken from the speech of individuals living on the Isles of Scilly, a group of islands off the south‐west coast of England. Our initial analysis shows that trap and bath variants found on the islands are linked to contact with Standard English English, on the one hand, and the nearest neighbouring variety of Cornish English, on the other. The general distribution of variants is shown to reflect educational differences amongst our speakers. However, two case studies show speakers using forms atypical of their education type in order to position themselves in interactionally‐dynamic ways. This reveals how speakers exploit the multidimensional meanings of linguistic variants to reflect and construct local practices and alignments.     

It is not easy being green: increasing sustainable public procurement behaviour

To achieve greater sustainability, governments need to continuously adapt their purchasing activities to innovations in the market. Sustainable procurement is a decision-making process in which the decisions of procurers determine if the full potential of sustainable procurement is used. The decisions and thus behaviour of procurers are therefore crucial for the successfulness of sustainable procurement. According to organizational theory, commitment to change could influence this behaviour. Hence, in the study, we examined if commitment to implement sustainable procurement increases sustainable procurement behaviour by Dutch public procurers and what determines this commitment to implement sustainable procurement are. Our study shows first that both affective commitment to implement sustainable procurement and procedural justice increase sustainable procurement behaviour. In addition, the results show that commitment to change acts as a mechanism between fit with vision, ecological sustainability attitude, procedural justice and sustainable procurement behaviour.     

探析德国绿党的“变脸”

作为社会运动产物的德国绿党带着“绿色面纱”,怀揣哲学式的理想,坚持以生态优先为核心的政治原则和政策主张;后却逐渐走向了通往权力的道路,终折服于政治学式的现实,对自身的纲领和政策不断作出调整和完善的背后展现的是政党权力诉求的逻辑。德国绿党这两张面孔的变换在本国以及欧洲甚至整个世界引起了一系列效应,而且这种影响场域也伴随着绿党的发展、成熟与完善,从力量,到秩序,再到文明,层层深入,甚至会成为文明冲突的缓冲带。     

Intergenerational Continuity and Change in Conceptualization of the “Child” Among Guji People of Ethiopia

The rapidly growing globalization that embodies new technologies has greatly characterized intergenerational difference by fostering change and hindering continuity of values and traditions. However, the effects of cultural change on intergenerational continuity and change in less technologically developed societies have not been documented adequately. This article presents change and continuity between adults and children in conceptualization of the “child” in the context of the Guji people of Ethiopia. It discusses how the meaning of “child” is variable across synchronic generations among the Guji people and how this variability reflects discontinuities and continuities in intergenerational transmission of local knowledge. The difference between adults and children in their knowledge of generational structure is observed as a ground for their divergence in conceptualization of the “child.” Accordingly, for adults, one’s position in generational structure is a basis for identifying somebody as a child. However, for children, one’s level of physical maturity is a basis for defining somebody as a child. The data on which this article is based are drawn from 10 months of ethnographic fieldwork among the Guji people.     

Eroding patriarchy: the co-evolution of women's rights and emancipative values

Some scholars find that top-down improvements in women's rights increase societies' value of gender equality at the grassroots, creating pressure for more adoption and enforcement. Others claim that the extension of women's rights is strongly dependent on value change at the grassroots, operating largely as a bottom-up process. We find that top-down and bottom-up dynamics are mutually reinforcing, creating a co-evolutionary dynamic in women's empowerment. We evaluate the rights/values dynamic with data on as many countries as possible, trace their changes over the longest time span available, and analyze their reciprocal relationship in both directions of impact. This is the first analysis that is at the same time (1) comparative across a diverse, global set of nations; (2) dynamic in looking at change in rights and values over time; (3) bidirectional in analyzing the interplay in both directions of impact; and, (4) controlled for relevant ‘third’ changes.     

Strengthening migration governance: the UN as ‘wingman’*

ABSTRACT

The plight of desperate migrants crossing the Mediterranean reached an inflection point in 2015 when an estimated 800 migrants drowned in a single day, painfully exposing dysfunctions in how States, regions, and the international community as a whole seek to govern a world with increased mobility of persons. By examining the response to the migration and refugee crises of recent years through the lens of the United Nations (UN), this article describes how States and the UN system are challenged to reconsider traditional hierarchies of power and influence since unilateral State action will not solve the migration problem. Migration solutions, particularly those providing greater protections for migrants in vulnerable situations, will require ‘coalitions of the willing’ between States, inter-governmental organisations, local governments and non-state actors. Still emerging, such coalitions are interdependent; and their objectives will be the result of negotiating and bargaining amongst their members. They reflect multi-level governance in the collective handling of migration, revealing a more complex interaction, one in which local authorities and non-state actors are in some instances bypassing State-led interventions. For its part, the UN – armed with recent institutional changes that provide it with more centralised ‘orchestration’ capacities – is best suited to serve in a ‘wingman’ function, buttressing rather than leading such coalitions.     

全球化与族群社会变迁

全球化是人类社会发展进程中出现的历史现象,是一个不可抗拒的历史过程;它的不同理论主张潜藏着不同的功用目的。在全球化的过程中,会出现诸如民族国家与全球政治、国家公民与全球公民、全球化与地方化或区域化、文化趋同与文化异质等悖论问题。无论全球化的前途和命运如何,族群社会及其文化都会在这个过程中发生不同程度的变迁。     

卓尼县藏族社会文化的变迁

本文以笔者在卓尼县的民族学调查为基础 ,从历时 /演化和共时 /多样的两个角度考察了甘肃省卓尼县藏族聚居区自改革开放以来 ,在衣食住行、教育体制、宗教观念等诸方面发生的巨大变化 ,分析了这些变化产生的原因 ,叙述了这些变化的过程 ,为文化传播导致文化变迁的人类学理论提供了一个生动的案例。     

藏族郭密部落历史演进

郭密族是藏族的一个宗族或部落组织。本文依据现存的文献 ,对其历史作了一些梳理