被告人零口供情状下的证据审查与认定模式研究——以受贿案为论证视角

由于侦讯和审判模式的制约,我国法官对口供具有依赖的思维惯性,但在以“一对一”的权钱交易方式为表征的受贿案中,被告人零口供往往导致法官认定受贿事实成立时捉襟见肘,不过这并不能成为放松惩治受贿行为的借口。法官在想方设法收集证据的基础上,采用合理的证据审查和认定模式,是逾越被告人零口供带来的审判障碍的必然路径。其具体模式包括：一是查证赃款赃物的去向或用途;二是重视证人证言的查证;三是适时运用隐蔽作证模式;四是重视间接证据收集并把握它们之闽的关联性。本文进而根据上述四种模式得出唯一合理结论。     

小额信贷的征信规范与立法探讨——一种法律和经济的视角

我国自1993 年由中国社会科学：引入国际小额信贷模式的15 年间,在中央相关文件和央行、银监会的政策指导下,小额信贷取得了一定的发展,但速度相对比较缓慢。小额信贷作为一项金融创新产品,在为农民和低收入者提供贷款解决生产、生活问题的过程中发挥了重要作用。借鉴国际小额信贷的典型经验,开展中国小额信贷项目,首先要明确其合法性地位和穷人享有平等的信贷权利等问题。文章从小额信贷在中国发展所需的政策环境、制度监管、信用基础、征信规范和法律保障等方面谈几点看法。     

Lot sizing in case of defective items with investments to increase the speed of quality control

In many cases the quality of each item in a lot is checked. Speeding up the quality checking process increases the responsiveness of the system and saves cost. The percentage of defective items is a random variable and two models are proposed. In one of the models the system remains always at the same state, while in the other one after each order cycle, the state of the system may change, thus the percentage of defective items may be different in consecutive periods. In both cases the speed of the quality checking is a variable, and procedures are provided to find the optimal lot sizes and screening speed for general and specific investment cost functions. The characteristics of the two model settings will largely be different when the percentage of defective items is high. Among the important managerial insights gained is that a high unit backlogging cost, especially spurs the system to invest more intensively into improving the quality checking process.     

Consistent model selection and data-driven smooth tests for longitudinal data in the estimating equations approach

Summary.  Model selection for marginal regression analysis of longitudinal data is challenging owing to the presence of correlation and the difficulty of specifying the full likelihood, particularly for correlated categorical data. The paper introduces a novel Bayesian information criterion type model selection procedure based on the quadratic inference function, which does not require the full likelihood or quasi-likelihood. With probability approaching 1, the criterion selects the most parsimonious correct model. Although a working correlation matrix is assumed, there is no need to estimate the nuisance parameters in the working correlation matrix; moreover, the model selection procedure is robust against the misspecification of the working correlation matrix. The criterion proposed can also be used to construct a data-driven Neyman smooth test for checking the goodness of fit of a postulated model. This test is especially useful and often yields much higher power in situations where the classical directional test behaves poorly. The finite sample performance of the model selection and model checking procedures is demonstrated through Monte Carlo studies and analysis of a clinical trial data set.     

投射原则与超常题元结构

计算系统中,形态规则会抑制谓词部分论旨角色(常为“致使”或“施事”)的正常释放,造成派生谓词论旨角色分派的数目较少,但并不违背投射规则,不会改变论旨角色的特性,只会造成题元结构中的减元;题元在句法规则的驱动下被迫前移到功能词类T的标识语位置进行格的特征核查;如果题元并不发生句法移动,填充词的插入还会导致题元增元(准题元);最终造成谓词的超常题元结构。     

审音与勘同之法在蒙元史等研究领域内的运用

所谓审音与勘同,是指利用历史语言学和比较语言学的成果,对某一文字史料中音译的名物制度方面的外来词汇在一定程度上还原出原形,从而得以与他种文字史料进行对勘比较的办法,中外学者用这种办法解决了内陆亚洲史上许多疑难问题。蒙元史、民族史研究过程中若要利用审音与勘同方法,除了掌握汉语和相关语言的发展规律外,还需要了解汉语的音译规则。审音与勘同方法只能作为历史研究的一种辅助手段,不可迷信它的有效性。     

浅谈企业存货盘点前的准备工作

存货是企业资产的重要组成部分。存货的真实、准确与否 ,对企业的会计报表的可信性将产生重要影响。做好存货盘点前的准备工作至关重要。通过制定规划、组织人员、及时结帐、存货停止流动、明确产权、防止漏盘、项目选取、正确计算损耗等一系列的准备活动 ,使存货盘点能够按计划顺利进行。     

高校素质教育中教师应注意的几个关键问题

本文从高校教师注重自身综合素质的提高 ;教师在推行素质教育的地位与作用 ;教师应加强教学研究工作等方面 ,着重阐述了高校教师在推行素质教育工作中所应该注意的几个关键问题     

A general approach to heteroscedastic linear regression

Our article presents a general treatment of the linear regression model, in which the error distribution is modelled nonparametrically and the error variances may be heteroscedastic, thus eliminating the need to transform the dependent variable in many data sets. The mean and variance components of the model may be either parametric or nonparametric, with parsimony achieved through variable selection and model averaging. A Bayesian approach is used for inference with priors that are data-based so that estimation can be carried out automatically with minimal input by the user. A Dirichlet process mixture prior is used to model the error distribution nonparametrically; when there are no regressors in the model, the method reduces to Bayesian density estimation, and we show that in this case the estimator compares favourably with a well-regarded plug-in density estimator. We also consider a method for checking the fit of the full model. The methodology is applied to a number of simulated and real examples and is shown to work well.     

高中教师完形阅读讲法之刍议

通过对目前高中教师完形、阅读讲法的分析,指出其中的不妥之处,然后给出笔者自身教学实践中尝试出的些许成功经验。