Righteous Dopefiend：公共人类学摄影民族志

Righteous Dopefiend是一本对海洛因成瘾的流浪汉群体进行研究的公共人类学摄影民族志代表作,作者Philippe Bourgois和Jeff Schonberg历经12年,来展现和描绘城市边缘中人们“视而不见”但却有感情、讲义气的流浪汉群体,立体而鲜活的呈现他们的苦难和挣扎。本文从民族志研究和抱团取暖的群体,“灰色地带”中的摄影民族志、个人生命历程的书写等方面对本书进行评述。     

HPLC测定氨酚伪麻美芬片Ⅱ/氨麻苯美片中对乙酰氨基酚血药浓度

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定氨酚伪麻美芬片Ⅱ/氨麻苯美片中对乙酰氨基酚的血药浓度。方法血浆样品用6%高氯酸沉淀蛋白。色谱柱为Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）,流动相为0.02 mol·L-1甲酸铵溶液（含甲酸0.2%）-甲醇-乙腈（91∶4.5∶4.5）,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,紫外检测波长245 nm。结果血浆中内源性物质对样品测定无干扰。本方法线性范围为0.1～20 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 6),最低定量浓度为0.1 μg·mL-1,方法回收率为99.8%～101.5%,日内、日间RSD均小于12%。结论本法简便、准确,适用于对乙酰氨基酚药代动力学的研究。     

强化干预代谢综合征改变心脑血管事件发生风险的纵向随访研究：社区人群心脑血管事件前瞻性研究系列之四

目的了解药物综合干预代谢综合征（MS）是否可以改变发生心脑血管事件的风险。方法采用随机整群抽样南宁市两个社区的1215人符合纳入标准为本次综合干预治疗的研究对象,随机分为强化干预组和对照组。强化干预组人群按照是否患有MS及其相关疾病、疾病前状态（包括高血压、血压前期、肥胖、超重、糖尿病、糖耐量减退、血脂异常）等分别采取不同的强化治疗方案进行干预;对照组人员维持志愿就诊和志愿服药的正常医疗状态,每年随访1次,按WHO—MONICA方案心血管病事件（CVD）的诊断标准登记本年度发生的CVD和死亡事件。结果前瞻性随访研究43．5个月后：①经比较对照组中MS亚组与非MS亚组,MS患者发生心脑血管事件比非MS显著增高（P=-0．02）;②经比较干预组中MS亚组与非MS亚组,干预后MS心脑血管事件下降明显,MS患者发生心脑血管事件与非MS相比无差异（P〉0．05）;③经比较干预和对照两组MS亚组之间心脑血管事件的发生率,干预组为2．7％,对照组为10．1％,差异显著（P=0．03,OR值=4．01,95％CL：1．07—15．10）;两组非MS亚组之间心脑血管事件的发生率分别为2.3％和4．2％,无显著性差异（P=0．12）。结论药物综合干预代谢综合征（MS）可以改变发生心脑血管事件的风险,与对照相比干预后风险降低了约4倍。     

论孙中山的禁烟拒毒思想

文章首次从七个方面深入阐述了孙中山禁烟拒毒思想的主要内容,并对此进行了评析。笔者认为,孙中山的禁烟拒毒思想是时代的产物,符合中国的国情,更符合中华民族的根本利益。由于时代和阶级的局限性,孙中山的禁烟拒毒思想未能达到彻底根除鸦片流毒的目的,但这一思想却对当时中国及其以后的禁烟拒毒运动起了一定的推动作用,并为后来中国共产党彻底根除鸦片毒祸提供了可资借鉴的经验和教训。孙中山的禁烟拒毒思想及其与毒品作坚决斗争的精神,对我们当今的反毒品斗争仍具有启迪和鼓舞作用。     

国外新型隐身材料的研究现状和发展方向

分析了隐身材料在隐身技术中的重要地位 ,较详细地介绍了手性材料、纳米材料、导电高聚物材料、多晶铁纤维材料的研究和应用现状 .最后指出 ,多频谱隐身材料和智能型隐身材料是隐身材料中的两个最主要发展方向     

PREDICT-1 (CNA106030): the first powered, prospective trial of pharmacogenetic screening to reduce drug adverse events

Pharmacogenetics (PGx) – the study of DNA variation in the human genome and the way this impacts the efficacy and safety of medicines – is becoming an increasingly important research tool as physicians, patients, regulatory authorities and payers look for innovative ways to improve the risk:benefit ratio of medicines. While scientific knowledge about PGx is rapidly increasing, implementation of PGx findings to patient care has yet to be fully achieved. One area where significant progress has been made is in the identification of PGx markers associated with variable response to antiretroviral medicines. For example, the major histocompatibility complex HLA‐B*5701 allele has been associated with hypersensitivity to abacavir (ABC) by several independent researchers. While PGx associations have been identified largely through retrospective examination, the clinical utility of these PGx markers in patient care has not been prospectively determined in a randomized study. This paper outlines the design of a study to evaluate the utility of prospective screening for HLA‐B*5701 to reduce the incidence of ABC hypersensitivity in an ABC‐naïve population of HIV‐infected subjects. This represents the first fully powered, randomized, blinded, prospective study to determine the clinical utility of PGx screening to reduce drug‐associated adverse events in any patient population. This type of trial design may have utility for other important medicines which have treatment‐limiting side effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论新《药品管理法》的特点

通过分析《药品管理法》的特点 :实行GMP和GSP制度 ,加强药品质量的规范管理 ;简化与规范药品的审批程序 ,取消地方药品标准 ;建立处方药与非处方药分类管理制度 ;加强了对药品监督管理部门和药品检验机构的监督。得出结论 ,新法体现科学、规范的现代管理思路 ,具有鲜明的时代特征。最后指出 ,随着新法的实施 ,必将开辟我国药事管理工作的新纪元。     

Addiction severity predictions using client network properties

By statistical analysis of client data it is shown how past or current network information together with other knowledge assesses treatment needs. The main findings are as follows. The client's previous exposure to addicts in the family has almost no influence on his or her present contacts with addicts in daily life. About 30% of the clients have experienced addicts both in family and among friends, about 30% have only family exposure, about 20% have neither kind of exposure, and about 20% have no family exposure but have current exposure to addicts. Exposure to addicts in family implies a higher risk of severe need for professional intervention than no such exposure. For the clients with no family exposure but with current exposure to addicts there is, somewhat surprisingly, a lower risk than for the other three categories of clients. This effect seems to be mainly because the psychiatric status of these clients is somewhat better than for those in the other three categories. The effect disappears if we look solely for drug addiction intervention needs; then there is a clear increase in relative treatment needs for the categories with previous or present addiction exposure compared to those without.     

寄生在同一个链条上的两害——乌鲁木齐市贩毒、吸毒人群与艾滋病人群的相关研究

新疆毗邻世界毒源重地"金新月"地区,特殊的地理位置为国际、国内大小毒枭所垂青,使其不仅是毒品的集散地,也是吸毒的重灾区。同时,当地的艾滋病疫情也不容小视。调查研究表明:乌鲁木齐(包括新疆)不是制毒的基地,而是"金新月"毒贩选定贩运毒品的重要通道;贩毒、吸毒、艾滋病,没有民族界限;贩毒———吸毒与艾滋病是同一链条上的两害,是当地艾滋病疫情的主要成因。     

A gender comparison of HIV and drug use across the rural-urban continuum

Despite the central role of women drug users in escalating AIDS statistics, there is still a limited number of studies that examine the roles of gender and drug use type in HIV seroprevalence. This lacuna in the research literature has led to significant gaps in researchers' understanding of how and to what extent women may differ in their drug-using and HIV risk behaviors compared to their better-studied male counterparts. This study, derived from a sample of 3,555 out-of-treatment drug users residing in three South Florida urban and rural communities, attempts to compare the drug usage and needle and sexual risk behaviors of male and female drug users that put them at risk for HIV infection. The overall seropositivity rate for women drug users was 26.5% compared to 19.5% for their male counterparts. Results of multivariate analyses indicate that females compared to males were 1.4 times more likely to be HIV seropositive. Risk behaviors associated with this elevated seropositivity include living arrangements, homeless status, drug use, sexual trading behaviors, and history of STDs. Furthermore, there was a strong linear relationship between drug use type and HIV seroprevalence among women drug users. Compared to those who were neither crack smokers nor injectors of illicit drugs, those who were crack smokers only were 2 times more likely to be HIV seropositive, while those who were both crack smokers and injectors were 5 times more likely to be HIV seropositive, and those who were injectors only were 6 times more likely to be HIV seropositive. These findings indicate that among women, drug abuse and its associated risk behaviors, increase the vulnerability of this population for HIV and thus render them an extremely important priority population on which to focus HIV prevention and public health efforts and programs.