How to make good choices? Ethical perspectives guiding social workers moral reasoning

Framing and distinguishing mainstream social work ethical perspectives could be useful for social work students and practitioners facing moral choices in daily practice. The article presents a summary and classification of a range of ethical theories and provides some insights into the relationship between ethical thinking and practice issues. It distinguishes between classical approaches and ‘situated’ positions. The former – which includes teleological, deontological, and rights-based approaches – refer to universal and general principles. ‘Situated’ ethics are linked to specific and unique situations of professional practice. Finally, the article suggests some useful questions derived from each approach in order to help students to reflect on complex ethical choices occurring in daily practice.     

Simultaneous equations with binary outcomes and social interactions

This paper introduces a discrete-choice simultaneous-equation social interaction model. We provide a microfoundation for the econometric model by considering an incomplete information game where individuals interact in multiple activities through a network. We characterize the sufficient condition for the existence of a unique BNE of the game. We discuss the identification of the econometric model and propose a two-stage estimation procedure, where the reduced form parameters are estimated by the NPL algorithm in the first stage and the structural parameters are recovered from the estimated reduced form parameters by the AGLS estimator in the second stage. Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed estimation procedure performs well in finite samples and remains computationally feasible when networks are large. We also provide an empirical example to illustrate the empirical relevance of the proposed model.     

Self-control and financial risk taking

We report two studies investigating the role of self-control in risky financial decision-making, operationalized as incentivized lottery task decisions. Study 1 (N = 529) investigated the link between propensity to take financial risks and trait self-control. Study 2 (N = 321) examined whether reflecting on one’s prior successes and failures in exercising self-control has an impact on subsequent risky financial decision-making. Study 1 identified a negative link between self-control and financial risk-taking, and Study 2 found that reflecting on self-control successes lowered people’s propensity to take financial risks, while reflecting on self-control failures made people more prone to take financial risks.     

出生性别比偏高的特征与原因分析——对湖北省麻城、广水、安陆三市的调查

湖北省麻城、广水、安陆三市总出生性别比升高呈现出的特征:一孩出生性别比基本正常或略微高些,但二孩及以上出生性别比超高,而二孩出生性别比超高是总出生性别比升高的主要原因;政策内二孩生育存在严重男孩性别选择行为;贫困农民家庭是选择性男孩生育的主要群体;性别选择最容易在农村流出育龄人群中实现。农村经济社会文化环境、农民家庭多重生育需求、男孩偏好、生育性别选择,这些环环相扣的因果关系变量,以及胎儿性别鉴定与人工终止妊娠易获得性和现行生育政策的“挤压”效应等,是造成调查地出生性别比异常的综合因素。     

Rationality and Order-Dependent Sequential Rationality

We show that an individual using a choice function is sequentially rational and the decisions he makes are independent of the order of implementation of the rationales if and only if he is rational with the union of the rationales as a base binary relation. When he makes his decisions following a choice correspondence, the sufficiency part of this claim still holds, the necessity part of it does not.      

制造业发展战略研究——兼论中国先进制造业的发展

文章将微观企业的研发投入指标、财务指标与资本结构指标纳入到因素评判体系,运用模糊综合评判法对中国传统制造业和先进制造业进行了区分界定。在此基础上选取中国制造业发展的相关经验数据,分别测算了中国先进制造业的需求与成本,发现先进制造业在外部战略环境上存在着需求疲软与成本上升的双重约束。最后对中国先进制造企业发展提出可供参考的建议。     

Implications of behavioral consistency in dynamic choice under uncertainty

This paper considers two fundamental aspects of the analysis of dynamic choices under risk: the issue of the dynamic consistency of the strategies of a non EU maximizer, and the issue that an individual whose preferences are nonlinear in probabilities may choose a strategy which is in some appropriate sense dominated by other strategies. A proposed way of dealing with these problems, due to Karni and Safra and called behavioral consistency, is described. The implications of this notion of behavioral consistency are explored, and it is shown that while the Karni and Safra approach obtains dynamically consistent behavior under nonlinear preferences, it may imply the choice of dominated strategies even in very simple decision trees.     

成文法的局限及其法律价值选择

成文法存在着一定的局限性,其中包括:不合目的性、不周延性、模糊性、滞后性等。这些局限性是以语言作为成文法载体而产生的内在的无法靠自身力量完全克服的法律障碍。成文法的局限性之根源在于法律承载着人的多元的价值追求。多元法律价值选择之间存在着冲突,成文法的局限与这种冲突直接相关。     

再论“体育营销”

体育营销是营销学原理、方法运用于体育产品经营,或借助于体育事件进行体育或非体育产品的推广和品牌传播,和体育公关不是完全等同的概念。体育营销的本质特征是基于“体育”,进而“营销”;其战略意义在于形成品牌差异化,从而建立竞争优势。一个企业必须根据目标市场、品牌和定位战略,整合多种营销方式,才能有效开展体育营销。     

面向全球化的中国大城市发展

“十一五”期间我国应坚持大城市优先发展战略。优先发展大城市不仅符合世界城市化发展的一般规律,而且也是我国现阶段经济社会发展的客观要求;科学规划,加快基础设施建设,调整经济结构,改善生态环境,科学管理,打造特色是大城市未来发展的战略选择。