Financial policy innovation for social change: a case study of China's green credit policy

Financial policy impacts on a range of social issues such as poverty alleviation, education, pollution control, etc. Making good use of financial policy and applying innovation to existing financial systems can generate positive outcomes for society. This article is to discuss the case of green credit policy in China. This policy was jointly announced in 2007 by financial and environmental regulators. According to this policy, banks were encouraged to give more loans to environmental friendly companies than to others. Such policy has made great progress, and it became a more formal document entitled ‘Green Credit Guideline’ in 2012. This guideline included a comprehensive definition on green credit and specified several requirements at practical levels. Despite the great success, challenges of implementing such policy still remain. First, information about corporate environmental performance is insufficient; second, market incentives for green credit policy are not high enough; third, most banking staff lack knowledge and capacity to handle environmental affairs. Nevertheless, this case still sheds light on how financial policy innovation drives social changes. The key is to identify the connection between social issues and financial issues, and then to make a business case that creates pressures or incentives for financial institutions. This requires a market where social and environmental cost is appropriately priced and internalized to those who generate it. Ideally, financial policies should help shape such a market so that society can share values created by financial institutions.     

我国商业信用的资源再配置效应与强制性特征——基于工业企业数据的实证检验

商业信用的资源再配置假说认为,商业信用可实现银行信贷资金的再配置,从而提高资源配置效率。以2004—2007年中国工业企业微观数据为基础,对我国商业信用的资源配置效应以及恶意拖欠基础上的强制性信用特征进行的检验结果表明,在我国,获取更多银行信贷的企业(包括国有企业)不仅未能提供更多商业信用,反而获取了更多商业信用,而市场势力的存在可能是导致这一配置结果的扭曲性因素;拥有更多应收账款的企业倾向于扩大应付账款规模,从而使企业间债务关系呈现出较强的"三角债"趋势。此外,与出口企业相比,产品内销企业在商业信用的供给中面临着更多的坏账损失风险。这说明我国商业信用的产生具有显著的恶意拖欠特征与违约风险。我国的商业信用不仅未能改善资源配置效率,反而增大了市场的交易费用和运行风险。     

以政务诚信引领全社会诚信建设的对策与思考

国务院颁布《社会信用体系建设规划纲要（2014—2020年）》后，各省、市分别结合本地的特点制定了信用体系建设规划纲要，将全社会的诚信建设纳入规划。针对社会诚信建设的需要，在分析我国当前社会诚信缺失的基础上，提出了加强政务诚信建设，通过政务诚信建设示范引领全社会诚信建设的对策建议。     

Some new constructions of circular balanced repeated measurements designs

Repeated measurements designs are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences, and psychology. In this article, some infinite series are developed to generate the balanced repeated measurements designs for p (periods) even. For p odd, construction procedures are also described. Catalogues of the proposed designs are also presented for p = 5, 7, 9, when v ≤ 100.     

基于修正UTAUT模型的农信社手机银行使用行为研究——以福建省农户调查数据为例

基于UTAUT模型,引入感知风险、替代软件等2个变量进行修正,构建农信社手机银行使用行为影响因素研究模型,并运用结构方程模型、Bootstrap中介检验、多群组分析等方法对福建省农户调查数据进行实证分析。研究发现:(1)感知易用性显著正向影响农信社手机银行使用意愿;感知风险和替代软件显著负向影响农信社手机银行使用意愿;社会影响对农信社手机银行使用意愿影响不显著。(2)便利条件和使用意愿显著正向影响农信社手机银行使用行为;农信社手机银行使用行为影响因素由大到小依次为便利条件、替代软件、感知风险、感知易用性。(3)教育在感知易用性对农信社手机银行使用意愿影响中具有调节作用。据此提出,应进一步增强操作的便利性以优化业务办理效率,增强信息的安全性以降低软件使用风险,增强软件的特色性以降低软件可替代性,增强软件的易用性以优化便捷使用体验,从而优化农村金融服务供给,助推农村经济发展。     

Consumers’ credit card repayment decisions: The role of higher anchors and future repayment concern

We investigated two aspects of credit card repayment decisions: the extent to which the anchoring effect of minimum repayment information may be mitigated by information on alternative anchors, specifically repayments that would repay the balance in two years (Study 1) or nine months (Study 2); and the role of future repayment concern. In two experiments, three realistic credit card statements were presented with different outstanding balances. Participants, who were randomly allocated to one of four information conditions depending on supplementary information provided on the statements, stated how much they would repay that month. They were then asked about concerns they would have about repayment difficulties if they had a fixed consumer loan over three years. In Study 1 the alternative two-year repayment anchor had a negative effect on percent repayment, whereas in Study 2 the nine-month repayment anchor had a significant positive effect, especially for those with higher future repayment concern. Also, in both studies, future repayment concern had a direct inverse effect on repayment decisions which partially mediated the effect of disposable income. It is concluded that the addition to credit card statements of a table of cost and duration information for a range of repayment amounts may usefully support repayment decisions.     

基于学分绩点与综合素质测评的换算模型建立

学生综合素质测评体系的完善对有效实施大学生综合素质测评工作以及指导大学生健康发展有重要意义,其中,学生综合素质测评体系的关键在于学分绩点与综合素质测评的换算模型的转化。通过分析高校现行学分绩点测评公式,发现其存在的主要缺陷是转化公式不满足统计学原理,并指出学分绩点测评的换算公式应建立在对特定学生群体特征参数群数值分析的基础上。以西南石油大学某专业学生某学年的成绩分布数据进行验证,采取统计原理、常数变异法和不动点原理进行建模,利用求导方法对学分绩点测评中的特征参数群进行层次划分,然后对每段划分积分,通过归一化来确定变异项,得出新的换算模型。结果表明新模型能更好地反映学生的学习成绩在综合素质测评中的地位。     

商事主体信用的缺失与补救

当前,我国商事信用危机的加剧,造成了市场秩序的空前混乱,商事主体的信用缺失使交易风险更加明显.单纯依靠道德和观念上的东西,很难制约为追求利润最大化而不守信的状况.通过完备的法律体系与必要的制度安排来健全我国的商事信用机制,提高商事主体的信用水平,从而解决目前存在的商事主体信用缺失问题.     

局部均衡函数及其构造

研究了局部均衡函数,定义了改进的局部变权向量,提出了与之对应的状态局部变权向量和局部均衡函数,证明了两类函数是局部均衡函数;利用局部变权向量建立了企业信用评估模型,并通过实例说明了该理论是有效的和合理的.     

从"现实性"范式之争看马克思与黑格尔哲学通约的限度

"现实性"范式是马克思与黑格尔哲学之争的关键.在马克思看来,黑格尔将"现实性"与"普通经验世界的定在"相区别,从而提出了一种有别于传统哲学的"现实性"概念.其内涵是,以实体的抽象形式去先行规定现实世界的丰富内容,并由此演绎出以国家的普遍目的去预设市民社会本质的先验法哲学.马克思认为,黑格尔因为颠倒了"本质"领域与"现实性"领域的真正关系,而他辩证法的"交互-中介"特性却又无法调和两极间的根本对立,这就造成了黑格尔"现实性"概念的本质缺陷.恩格斯虽然把握了黑格尔"现实性"是一个辩证运动的过程,但他却把黑格尔的辩证法错误理解为某类线性知识发展观和自然科学式的渐进真理.实际上,黑格尔提出了一种不同于自近代笛卡尔以来的自然科学和几何学式线性认知论的真理观--圆圈式的认识论.真理的理念作为一个在历史中让精神不断自我显现的过程,构成了历史与认识之间的螺旋上升和循环.黑格尔的本体论虽然加入辩证法的否定性因素,但是其内涵依然是本质决定论,但他的知识论却以反向运动的过程来揭示本体论的能动性,正是通过这样一种结合了自己本体论与知识论正反运动的双向进程,黑格尔已经不再是马克思所批判的那种意义上的实体决定论.