The Establishment and Application of a Labor Quality Index: The Case of Taiwan’s Manufacturing Industry

The labor quality index (LQI) not only serves as an important reference for monitoring the progress of the sustainable development of a country, but it can also serve as an important parameter for economic analysis. To compile such an index for Taiwan, we conducted two large-scale surveys of 1000 major enterprises and 844 union leaders, respectively, to determine the appropriate weights for each key factor. We also searched for all the relevant statistics that were used to calculate the weighted sum of the 25 sub-indexes, in order to compile a LQI for Taiwan’s manufacturing industries covering the period from 1990-2000. Our calculations show that this LQI rose from 80.2 in 1990 to 117.5 in 2000, which reflected an impressive 37.3% increase in just one decade. This rate of growth has, however, been slowing down since 1997. Our results indicate that the LQI provides a valuable indicator for monitoring the enhancement of labor quality in this society.     

网络时代农产品质量安全事件风险放大机制研究——基于价值累加理论的扎根分析

随着互联网的飞速发展,农产品质量安全事件借助网络媒体持续关联与聚合、发酵与扩散,极大地影响着公众的情感和态度,易引发集体非理性恐慌,网络时代信息扩散和迭代呈现全新特征和趋势,故加强农产品质量安全事件风险放大机制研究具有重要意义。基于斯梅尔塞的价值累加理论,结合“土坑酸菜”事件,利用Python技术获取媒体原始资料,对资料进行扎根编码分析,构建农产品质量安全事件风险放大机制模型。根据编码结果识别出农产品质量安全事件风险放大六大主范畴,包括结构性诱因、结构性紧张、一般化信念、(有效的)组织动员、社会控制、风险放大,将主范畴内容纳入价值累加理论六大因素中,分析表明农产品质量安全事件风险放大是以突发事件为分界点,分为前期蓄势、中期造势、紧急处理三个阶段,前期蓄势和中期造势阶段通过多轮循环相互反馈影响,最终放大农产品质量安全事件风险。在整个风险扩散过程中,网络是农产品质量安全事件风险的“社会放大站”,其加速了信息传播,强化了公众风险感知。本研究运用价值累加理论、基于宏观和微观整合层面,细化探究了网络时代农产品质量安全事件风险放大的完整过程机制,进一步完善了风险放大SARF研究框架,为相关研究做了有益补充。     

电商参与会促进农户农产品质量认证吗?——基于黄土高原苹果优势产区农户的分析

作为数字经济新业态的农产品电子商务成为促进农业高质量发展的有效途径。基于黄土高原苹果优势产区农户实地调研数据,使用多维固定效应模型分析电商参与对农户农产品质量认证的影响;利用中介效应模型和KHB方法剖析电商参与促进农户农产品质量认证的作用机制。研究结果表明:电商参与能够显著提升农户农产品质量认证的概率,同时增加了多重质量认证的可能;参与电商通过提高农户农产品质量认证意愿、增加农产品市场信息以及促进农产品品牌建设三个途径影响农产品质量认证。在此基础上,提出应加强农村信息基础设施建设与电商技术培训,提高农产品质量认证和品牌推广等对策,以此促进农户进行农产品质量认证,实现农业高质量发展。     

新旧世界葡萄酒质量表达演变及形成

葡萄酒等级是全球葡萄酒行业的关注点。在旧世界葡萄酒等级表达中,产品等级不仅反映产品内在质量,还与具有质量风格的地理特征紧密相关;新世界葡萄酒等级表达中,葡萄酒地理特征仅表示产品来源真实性,葡萄酒质量以产品口感为基础并满足消费者消费偏好需求。葡萄酒官方等级分级具有从产区到列级酒庄的纵向化结构,葡萄酒等级分类具有从品种、年份到酒庄的横向化结构,前者分级以生产者视角下“为何分级”并同时聚焦分级内生形成关键要素,后者分类以消费者视角下“为何分类”并锚定产品质量的某一关键要素,两者之间关注点存在差异。这种差异给国际葡萄酒市场创造竞争空间,形成一种质量表达的实践共创、智慧共存的竞争格局。     

家庭环境对幼儿学习品质发展的影响——基于34项实证研究的元分析

学习品质是帮助幼儿获得积极学业成就的内在机制,家庭环境是影响幼儿学习品质发展的重要因素。为了深入探究幼儿学习品质与家庭因素之间的关系,本研究运用CMA3.7软件对34项实证研究的相关文献进行元分析。研究结果显示,幼儿学习品质与家庭因素呈现显著正相关。不同学习品质纬度与家庭因素的相关程度存在差异。从高到低排序为：想象与创造、坚持与专注、反思与解释、主动性、好奇心与兴趣。具体而言,家庭经济条件、父母参与程度以及家庭投入与支持对幼儿学习品质发展有显著影响。此外,性别与年龄对幼儿学习品质不同纬度的发展水平具有显著调节效应。主要教育建议：家长应在幼儿学习品质发展的关键时期给予关注,重视与幼儿的亲子互动,提高家庭支持和投入力度,并根据幼儿的个性特点有针对性地培养,从而促进其学习品质均衡发展。     

Examining Localized Patterns of Air Quality Perception in Texas: A Spatial and Statistical Analysis

Environmental and human health issues associated with outdoor air pollution, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants in metropolitan regions, are an area of growing concern for both policy officials and the general public. Increasing attention from the news media, new health data, and public debate over the effectiveness of clean air regulations have raised the importance of air quality in the public consciousness. While public perceptions of air quality have been studied thoroughly dating back to the 1960s, little empirical research has been conducted to explain the spatial aspects of these perceptions, particularly at the local level. Although recent studies suggest characteristics of local setting are important in shaping perceptions of air quality, the roles of proximity, neighborhood characteristics, and location have not been clarified. This study seeks to improve understanding of the major factors shaping public perceptions of air quality by examining the spatial pattern of local risk perception, the role of socioeconomic characteristics in forming these perceptions, and the relationship between perceived and scientifically measured air pollution. First, we map the spatial pattern of local air quality perceptions using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) across the Dallas and Houston metropolitan areas. Next, we explain these perceptions through local contextual factors using both bivariate correlations and multivariate regression analysis. Results indicate that perceptions of air quality in the study areas are not significantly correlated with air quality based on readings of air monitoring stations. Instead, perceptions appear to be influenced by setting (urban vs. rural), state identification, access to information, and socioeconomic characteristics such as age, race, and political identification. We discuss the implications of the findings and provide direction on how further research can provide a deeper understanding of the local contextual factors influencing public perceptions.     

试论继续教育对教师素质的现代转换

继续教育是我国为实现现代化尤其是教育现代化、人的现代化所进行的新型教育。本文从知识经济与教育现代化的背景上论述了继续教育对教师素质进行转换的必要性、基本内涵、基本内容以及转换的方向。     

The Quality of Urban Environments in the Brazilian Amazon

In the Brazilian Amazon during the 1980s,urban population growth outstripped rural growth, andby 1991, most of the region's population resided inurban areas. Much of this urban growth involvedestablishment of unplanned housing with inadequateinfrastructure, which resulted in rising pollution. This paper compares indicators of environmentalquality in urban populations of the Amazon in 1980 and1991, and among different kinds of urban populationsin 1991. The results show that environmental qualityin the region deteriorated during the 1980s as theproduction of and exposure to environmental hazardsrose while resources to ward off hazards eroded. Thefindings also show that environmental quality wasparticularly poor in more rapidly growing urbancenters. The urban Amazon may not afford an adequatestandard of living and this may generate out-migrationfrom the region.     

提高妇女素质是提高人口素质的重要保证

母亲的素质对孩子的优生优育有直接的重大影响 ,因此 ,提高妇女素质是全民族刻不容缓的任务     

Interplay between Friends' Aggression and Friendship Quality in the Development of Child Aggression during the Early School Years

The aim of this study was to investigate the unique and combined role of friendship quality and friends' aggression in regard to the persistence of young children's physical aggression from kindergarten to grade 2. The sample included 1555 children (808 girls) assessed annually using teacher ratings. Two theoretical perspectives (i.e., the social learning and the social bonding perspectives) served as frameworks to guide the analyses and interpret the results. In line with the social learning perspective, friends' aggression was related to a significant increase in children's physical aggression. However, in line with the social bonding perspective, good friendship quality played both a compensatory and a protective role, by, respectively, reducing children's initial level of physical aggression and by mitigating, albeit marginally, the associations between friends' and children's physical aggression. These results suggest that fostering a positive relationship between friends in the early school years may decrease physical aggression even if the friends are aggressive.