管理团队认知能力、行为整合对决策效果的影响机制研究

现有文献在研究团队决策效果的影响因素时,大部分关注年龄、学历等因素,较少关注非人口统计学特征。根据现有研究结果构建团队认知能力与决策效果的关系模型,利用结构方程模型进行实证研究并指出:团队认知能力的两要素能提升团队决策效果;团队行为整合被看作是团队运作过程的核心,对决策效果产生一定的正向作用,即团队的行为整合程度越高,其决策效果越好;验证行为整合在团队认知能力与决策效果之间具有中介作用。旨为丰富高阶理论、揭示认知能力对决策效果的作用提供借鉴。     

Uncovered and disrespected. A qualitative study of Jordanian women’s experience of privacy in birth

BackgroundPrivacy is related to a person’s sense of self and the need to be respected and it is a key factor that contributes to women’s satisfaction with their birth experiences.AimTo examine the meaning of privacy for Jordanian women during labour and birth.MethodA qualitative interpretive design was used. Data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 27 Jordanian women. Of these women, 20 were living in Jordan while seven were living in Australia (with birthing experience in both Jordan and Australia). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe phrase ‘there is no privacy’ captured women’s experience of birth in Jordanian public hospitals and in some private hospital settings. Women in public hospitals in Jordan had to share a room during their labour with no screening. This experience meant that they were, “lying there for everyone to see”, “not even covered by a sheet” and with doctors and others coming in and out of their room. This experience contrasted with birth experienced in Australia.ConclusionsThis study explicates the meaning of privacy to Jordanian women and demonstrates the impact of the lack of privacy during labour and birth. Seeking a birth in a private hospital in Jordan was one of the strategies that women used to gain privacy, although this was not always achieved. Some strategies were identified to facilitate privacy, such as being covered by a sheet; however, even simple practices are difficult to change in a patriarchal, medically dominated maternity system.     

制度环境、公司治理与股价信息含量

股价信息含量决定因素研究是目前资本市场领域的实证研究热点,以2000年～2005年的中国上市公司为研究样本,采用非平衡面板教据模型的回归方法,实证分析制度环境与公司治理因素对股价信息含量的影响,制度环境因素包括区域制度环境和双重上市两个方面,公司治理因素包括股权结构、董事会特征、治理会议、管理层激励和审计质量5个方面.实证结果表明,在制度环境较好的省市,股价信息含量较高,第一大股东持股比例与股价信息含量呈倒U型关系,双重上市、股权制衡度、独立董事比例、董事会规模、股东与董事会年度会议次数和管理层持股比例与股价信息含量显著正相关,国有股比例与股价信息含量显著负相关,两职合一和审计质量对股价信息含量没有显著影响.实证结果时于如何提高证券市场股价信息含量和资源配置效率有较大的政策指导意义.     

中国企业吸收能力对竞争优势的影响

以企业资源基础理论为基础,从企业吸收能力这一概念入手.剖析企业吸收能力与企业竞争优势的关系,研究组织管理机制对企业吸收能力构建和发展的影响.依据吸收能力经典文献对吸收能力的前因进行重新梳理和归类,对现有文献中各种思路有一定的整理和明示作用;通过模型的构造和分析,采用实证研究方法.在286个中国企业样本的基础上进行统计分析;通过研究两种吸收能力的4类影响因素,辨识出中国企业在吸收能力培养和发展方面的优势和弱势,通过实证方法全面衡量和验证潜在吸收能力与实际吸收能力两者之间以及两能力与企业竞争优势的关系.研究结果表明,潜在吸收能力和实际吸收能力均是中国企业竞争优势的重要来源,其中代表创新的实际吸收能力对竞争优势的贡献更大.探讨中国企业应用外部知识的特点和规律,为中国企业如何提高知识学习效果和效率提供理论根据与实践建议.     

The contingent nature of best practices in national competitiveness: The case of American and Japanese innovation processes

We propose that the differences in competitiveness of companies from different countries is not just a question of the adoption of ‘better’ management models, as conventional wisdom would have us believe; rather, we contend that national competitiveness can change radically over time without significant changes in management practices. Contrary to much of the management literature we hold that changes in the global business environment often determine to a large degree the competitiveness of companies. Based on our assumptions we offer four specific lessons of how companies can increase their competitiveness within the constraints of the socio-cultural context in which they operate.     

基于知识量的知识作业评测研究

以知识量作为作业难度表征的重要指标;在讨论信息量、教学时间与知识量关系的基础上,根据BROOKES信息基本方程,建立了社会标准教学时间与知识量的映射关系;根据知识表达系统提出了基于社会标准教学时间的知识测度原理及其测度方法;结合岗位知识量的测度进行了算例说明.     

How Plant Managers' Experiences and Attitudes Toward Sustainability Relate to Operational Performance

Managers are increasingly faced with pressure to think not just about profits, but also about their organization's environmental and social performance. This research provides a first examination of operational managers' experiences with and attitudes about employee well‐being and environmental issues, how these factors impact employee well‐being and environmental performance, and how the three performance measures interrelate. We use violations of Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations and Toxic Release Inventory reports of emissions as proxies for employee well‐being and environmental performance. Our findings suggest that operational managers do not (yet) think in sustainability terms. However, employee well‐being and environmental performance do interact in a significant way with operational performance. Hence, operational managers would benefit from a more complete understanding of the relationships among the elements of the triple bottom line.     

网络环境下服务科学与创新管理研究展望

基于网络环境的服务发展与创新已成为经济发展的新引擎。本文在分析网络环境下服务特征基础上,探讨了其对服务科学与创新管理研究的影响。结合我国社会经济发展对现代服务快速增长的需求,本文提炼了服务科学研究的三类基本科学问题,包括服务价值的内涵与度量,服务资源的要素及其价值生成,和服务关系的界定与形成问题;提出了服务与创新管理的四个重要研究领域,即：服务生态系统的形成与演化,服务资源要素的组织与协调,服务的关联与融合和社会服务运作管理问题。在四个重要研究领域的进一步分析中,论文以一个异质数据服务资源的组织与融合为例,描述了服务资源组织与协调的一个具体问题,说明了已有研究方法解决该问题的困难,和未来该问题研究需要关注的重点;另以平台服务中基于价值和关系的服务定价问题为例,说明服务关联与融合研究的挑战及其未来研究的努力方向。     

品牌基础问题研究评述

品牌问题一直是国际营销学术界的研究热点领域。对文献总结发现,在品牌基础问题的理论和方法研究中,主要集中在品牌认识、品牌选择和品牌发展3个方面。国内外研究者从不同的理论出发运用不同方法解释了品牌的认识、选择和发展,主要是分别从消费者和企业2个角度来分析和探讨品牌问题,但是缺乏二者之间互动关系的研究,使得品牌基础问题的研究不能为企业品牌创建、品牌战略和品牌延伸提供合理建议。