区域经济增长与环境质量演进关系模型研究——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线

从社会福利最大化角度出发,通过设定物品消费偏好指数,建立两物品模型,推导出了区域环境最佳投资水平;在此基础上,从理论上证明了环境库兹涅茨曲线存在的依据以及在环境质量最低点和环境质量发生根本性好转的转折点的社会总投资水平。最后,得出环境质量演化过程曲线取决于社会经济发展状况,它与非环境物品生产函数和排污生产函数的技术参数、居民收入水平以及对环境物品和非环境物品的消费偏好以及国民收入分配政策等有关,而非仅仅与经济增长状况有关。     

The employment contract: A test of the transaction cost theory

This paper tests some predictions derived from Williamson's transaction cost theory of the organization of work, which holds that the form of the employment relationship is determined largely by the idiosyncrasy of work—that is, the nature of skills and knowledge used in production. It examines the occurrence of theoretically relevant provisions in collective bargaining agreements in the United States and finds they are related to a contract-level proxy for idiosyncrasy (based on bargaining structure) as predicted by the theory. An analysis of an individual-level variable, the difficulty of finding a comparable job, provides some additional support. Finally, several alternative explanations of the results are considered, and it is argued that none are consistent with the evidence. The analysis thus finds strong, if necessarily provisional, support for the theory.     

新型村集体经济何以带动乡村共同富裕？——基于ANT视角的分析

促进农村农民的共同富裕是实现全体人民共同富裕的重要内容和难点问题。以山东省代村为例,运用行动者网络理论,解构了新型村集体经济异质行动者网络转译过程,剖析了村集体经济推动村民实现共同富裕的路径。研究发现:新型村集体经济发展推动村民实现共同富裕过程,是以乡村政治精英领导的村“两委”班子为关键人类行动者和土地、房屋等非人类行动者,通过行政征召、专家征召、文化征召等方式推动行动者网络形成与发展,并不断破解村民的异议与矛盾,从而达成利益联盟,构建稳定行动者网络的动态发展过程。以村民利益为核心的集体经济发展思路和村干部说服性治理工作逻辑在矛盾化解、争取村民信任与支持方面发挥了重要作用;绿色高质量发展的新型村集体经济进一步推动了村内民生保障体系建设;通过公平利益分配、文化权益保障等方式实现了村民物质富裕与精神文化富有。     

从异化消费到生态消费

以机器大生产为标志的工业文明将人类推向了一个物质发达的社会。工业技术的革新使社会生产力得到大力发展,人类的消费逐渐趋于奢侈和浪费。与此同时,由于资本主义社会的生产资料私人占有,生产的扩大具有盲目性。马克思的异化劳动理论对资本主义社会的剥削关系进行了深入细致的分析,将批判视角从生产领域延伸到消费领域,马克思由此提出了异化消费理论。异化消费理论为当代消费群体的各种不当消费提供了重要的理论支持,伴随而来的奢侈消费、享乐消费、符号消费盛行,导致一些错误的消费价值取向产生,造成大量的资源浪费和环境负担。因此,推动异化消费向生态消费的转型尤为重要。生态消费是促进社会的生态化转型和实现可持续发展的重要手段,是适度消费、有限消费、低碳消费、可持续消费和需求性消费,需要政府的“引导力”、企业的“推动力”、社会媒体的“宣传力”、社会公众的“内在动力”等合力而行,共同构建生态消费社会对于促进我国生态文明建设和美丽中国建设具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

Can we rationally learn to coordinate?

In this paper we examine the issue whether individual rationality considerations are sufficient to guarantee that individuals will learn to coordinate. This question is central in any discussion of whether social phenomena (read: conventions) can be explained in terms of a purely individualistic approach. We argue that the positive answers to this general question that have been obtained in some recent work require assumptions which incorporate some convention. This conclusion may be seen as supporting the viewpoint of institutional individualism in contrast to psychological individualism.     

中国电力消费周期的路径演化识别——基于Markov区制转移模型

基于1980-2016年中国第一产业、第二产业（工业、建筑业）和第三产业的年度电力消费数据,采用H-P滤波技术对中国电力消费的趋势成分和波动成分轨迹进行刻画,运用马尔科夫区制转移[MS（n）-AR（p）]模型分析中国电力消费周期在各区制间的动态转移过程,识别改革开放以来中国电力消费周期的路径演化特征,在此基础上预测未来5年中国电力消费周期的区制分布情况。研究发现:（1）中国电力消费增长率的波动程度自2003年明显缩窄,且从2007年开始进入下行周期。（2）中国电力消费周期具有较强的稳定性,不易向着其收缩期和扩张期跨越。且中国电力消费处于"低速增长区制"的年份往往对应着中国经济发展相对趋缓的大环境。（3）2014-2015年中国电力消费向其收缩期转移的迹象明显,但预测结果表明,未来5年中国电力消费整体上将继续保持稳定增长的趋势。     

改革开放 40 年来农村集体经济的变迁和未来发展

改革开放 40 年以来,农村集体经济发展的框架体系和发展模式纷繁复杂,城乡关系的变动塑造了集体经济发展的制度环境、资源条件和发展空间。 文章从中国独特的土地制度和集体经济发展重要政策的视角,以城乡关系的四个发展阶段对比,分析集体经济的发展轨迹。 集体经济的发展也经历了四个阶段,并在每一阶段都具有各自的形式与特征。 2012 年至今的新发展阶段,集体经济再发展的制度和政策基础逐步具备,未来发展需要进一步进行制度和组织创新。     

新贫困视域下乡村转型的困厄与重构路径

中国社会转型的重要背景之一是全球消费社会的到来。 这使得新穷人现象日渐凸显,并成为影响甚至主导整个社会转型的核心线索。 作为新穷人的典型表现,乡村新贫困既包括在城乡二元结构下,村民难以获得以城市生活方式为参照的社会公认生活水准而引发的结构性贫困,也包括由消费欲望激发的社会心理性贫困。 由此,乡村消费转型表现为如下困境:私人消费中,个体消费认同在地和脱嵌的困境以及家庭消费规范物质化和人伦的两难;集体消费中,消费品“上移冶和“下乡冶的悖论。 为应对这些困境,必须从消费角度,破解“新穷困冶的结构性和文化困境,实行新型城镇化和新农村建设并举。     

R&D cooperation in collaborative consumption of research equipment: An ERGM approach

High-tech research infrastructure is essential for state-of-the-art research, but requires many resources. Relatively weak actors, such as SMEs, cannot secure enough of those. Applying the concept of collaborative consumption via digital platforms, we examine the cooperative behavior of Korean SMEs that share research equipment to overcome their lack of resources. Also, we analyze configurations of a collaborative consumption network using the Exponential Random Graph Model. Network structural factor analysis shows sufficient effects of network positive feedback through cooperative consumption with a variety of popular providers and attributes analysis shows that SMEs frequently engage in collaborative consumption with their counterparts in the same region. This new cooperative model can achieve a virtuous cycle of policies, as it increases the efficiency of research infrastructure, preventing the unnecessary building of new research equipment and enabling relocation of underutilized infrastructure and online reservation of equipment.     

Diaspora and Development? London‐based Nigerian Organisations and the Transnational Politics of Socio‐economic Status and Gender

Diaspora organisations are increasingly being lauded as important actors in the development of their communities and countries of origin. Focusing on London‐based Nigerian organisations and their interventions in Nigeria, this article assesses the particular claims that diaspora organisations reach, benefit and ‘empower’ women and ‘the poor’ at ‘home’. It argues that, while many London‐based Nigerian organisations do connect with and support these groups, they often do so in ways that reinforce rather than transform established gender relations and socio‐economic inequalities. If international agencies are to support the progressive potential of the organised diaspora, it will be necessary to acknowledge the alternative and socially mediated ways in which development might be imagined and enacted both in diaspora and at ‘home’.