“双轨水利”:农村水利运行机制的文化人类学研究——以广西S村为例

从费孝通对乡土中国的双轨政治概念出发,通过对农村水利发展历史的梳理,探寻出农村水利机制运行规律的两条道路——双轨水利,并指出推行水利社区化是对以往民间水治道路的恢复与重构,同时也是作为消弥当下农村水利困境的有效途径。     

中华民族共同体意识的核心要义与铸牢路径

中华民族共同体意识作为一种社会意识,是对中华民族共同体这一社会存在的反映,是对中华民族共同体形成发展过程中所处的经济生产活动、社会关系以及社会结构的反映。“中华民族共同体意识”是涉及经济交往、政治认同、文化交融的心理活动过程。其核心要义包括以下五个方面：为实现中华民族伟大复兴的共同理想和共产主义远大理想而奋斗的自强意识与使命意识;以中华民族优秀传统文化、革命文化与社会主义先进文化为共有精神家园的自豪意识与守护意识;坚持党的领导、走中国特色社会主义的道路自信、理论自信与制度自信的政治意识;坚持国家利益高于一切、维护国家主权、安全与发展利益的自尊意识与责任意识;对伟大祖国、中华民族、中华文化、中国共产党、中国特色社会主义高度认同的共同体意识。     

湖南村落经济发展问题及政府职责

村是我国农村社会的基本单位,村落经济在中国传统农村社会一直扮演着重要的角色,但村落经济在建国后尤其是改革开放后才得到真正发展。目前,湖南村落经济发展呈现的特点是:村落经济以集体经济为主,多种经济成分并存,村集体经济实力薄弱;村落经营方式以家庭经营为主;农户以种植业为主;村落非农产业迅速发展;村落经济发展越来越超出村落范围。发展湖南村落经济需要政府有所为,做好规划、引导、支持、保护等工作,各级政府应各司其职。     

我国环境诉讼的困境及原因剖析

我国环境纠纷日益增多,但环境诉讼并未实现其维护社会正义、推动环境保护、促进环境立法的功能,其原因在于:公众环境诉讼意识和法律意识的相对较弱、环境诉讼难以及司法环境的影响,导致公众不寻求通过环境诉讼解决纠纷;司法独立的缺位导致法院难以公正审判环境纠纷案件;现阶段环境保护民间组织的法律地位限制了其在环境诉讼中的作用。     

Collective empowerment: A comparative study of community work in Mumbai and Stockholm

Mumbai and Stockholm are worlds apart in terms of public services, infrastructures and standard of living. However, both cities have known common problems of social exclusion and marginalisation related to neo‐liberal globalisation. Social workers are facing similar challenges regarding collective empowerment as a strategy for community work. This comparative study explored how collective empowerment is undertaken by community workers. The research participants were 13 informants from community‐work organisations in the two settings. Semi‐structured interviews were used and were analysed with the help of Atlas‐ti 6.2 (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH D‐10623 Berlin Germany). Social work in Mumbai is in a context of extreme poverty and mainly within the informal sector, whereas in Stockholm most social work is done in relation to a public welfare model. In Stockholm, interventions are aimed towards strengthening social networks, without direct aim at social change. In Mumbai, community workers organise people for collective empowerment to strengthen marginalised groups and achieve social change.     

Child Rights Practice among the Indigenous Communities in Bangladesh

The objective of this article was to explore the practice of child rights among the indigenous communities of Bangladesh. We used a mixed method approach to collect data from four ethnic communities in the Bandarban District of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh. We questioned children, parents, community members, local leaders, and service providers of those communities on a number of child rights issues, for example, child education, child labor, child recreation and culture, parents' guidance to children for capacity development, and access to child rights at home and in the community according to Convention on the Rights of the Child treaty. The results showed that while the community was aware of child rights, financial vulnerability and a lack of social support meant that these rights could not be upheld in practice. The paper urges improvement of social support, including income generation activities for indigenous communities.     

Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to Predict Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties on Positive and Negative Affect Among Adolescents in Disadvantaged Communities

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to predict the positive and negative affects of emotional and behavioral difficulties among adolescent boys and girls aged between 14 and 21 years living in disadvantaged communities. A total of 316 adolescents—181 boys and 135 girls—living in the Seri Pantai and Pantai Ria Public Housing Projects in Kuala Lumpur were invited to complete the questionnaire. The results showed that conduct and peer problems were the most prevalent emotional and behavioral difficulties experienced by these adolescents. As expected, the emotional symptoms were more common among the girls than the boys. A further analysis showed that emotional symptoms, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior were predictors of the negative affect of emotional and behavioral difficulties while negative emotional symptoms and high hyperactivity were predictors of a positive affect. The findings suggested that three subscales of SDQ are required to produce a negative affect, and two subscales of SDQ for a positive affect.     

走向法庭还是走上街头：超越维权困境的一条行动路径

制度外抗争与制度内法律维权有着显著不同的结果和制度逻辑。现有文献中的“依法抗争”或“以法抗争”可以通过制度外或者制度边缘的集体行动获得政府及时的反应,但却有着多重困境：机会困境、风险困境、组织困境、制度困境。制度内法律维权可以很大程度上破解这些困境,但也有着该模式下独特的结果困境：费时费力而又缺乏即时直接的回报困扰或者阻碍制度内法律维权者去为了获得长期的有益于整个群体的普遍性制度化后果采取行动。但本研究中的业主维权行动在一定程度上破解了这一困境。他们的制度内维权行动让法律在实践中最大可能地运转了起来,从而超越了传统维权的困境。独特的政治机会结构和制度内维权本身所具有的特征,促进一些群体走向法庭,而非走上街头。     

自治与绅治——以清末宁波地区的乡约为中心

成文乡约兴起于宋代蓝田,本为民间教化组织。清末宁波地区乡约的大规模兴办源于当地官员出于维护治安和筹办地方自治的需要以及当地绅士的积极配合。宁波地区的乡约在组织结构上具有分权制衡的特点,从职能上看近似于基层政权。乡约的举办使宁波地区绅士全面渗入到地方政治领域,为其进一步扩大影响打下了基础。     

文化遗址保护与关联产业和谐共生机制实证研究

以大唐西市为例,研究了文化遗址保护与关联产业和谐共生关系。研究认为,文化遗址保护与关联产业和谐共生是互辅共进的持续发展模式,其包括三大机制:价值生成机制是和谐共生的动力源泉,运行机制是和谐共生的坚实基础,利益分配机制是和谐共生的基本保障。研究结果表明:文化遗址保护与关联产业和谐共生模式值得大力推广,关键要形成以构建文化遗址保护与关联产业和谐共生的价值生成、协调运行和利益分配三大核心机制。