哀矜而勿喜——论张爱玲作品中的"鸟"

“鸟”本性向往自由却飘忽不定,无法把握自己的命运,尤其是处在有形无形的笼子中,这种特性使张爱玲频频将“鸟”的形象与自己笔下的女性暗合。张爱玲作品中对如“鸟”一样的女性命运的深刻体悟,既是自身生活经历和感情体验的一种回味与表达,也显示出她对女人的哀矜和同情,对人生的无奈和无法把握自己命运的生命理念。     

Sociological conceptualizations of compassion fatigue: Expanding our understanding

Compassion fatigue has been primarily studied at the micro level and framed as a psychological “personal trouble” that results from one's personality traits, demographic characteristics, or life and work stressors. In addition, compassion fatigue is used to predict other psychological outcomes such as burnout, depersonalization, and stress. This literature on compassion fatigue has been reviewed, in order to illustrate areas where sociologists can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. In this article we conceptualize compassion fatigue as a sociological concept and overview the potential ways that sociological approaches can enhance our understanding. We draw on the literatures of emotion work, social exchange theory, and macrolevel sociological theories to facilitate the use of compassion fatigue from a sociological perspective. For example, we use concepts such as social integration and anomie to stimulate thinking about rates of compassion fatigue.     

Compassion Fatigue,Compassion Satisfaction,and Burnout

Summary

Over the past several decades the mental health field has become increasingly concerned about potential negative effects in professionals of providing crisis intervention and traumatic stress services to individuals and groups. The employee assistance (EA) field has not received adequate attention with regard to the study of these negative effects, such as compassion fatigue. This paper highlights results from a national research study of members of the Employee Assistance Professionals Association (EAPA) who were assessed for risk for compassion fatigue and burnout, as well as potential for compassion satisfaction. Additionally, coping methods for dealing with work-related stress resulting from the provision of workplace crisis intervention services were measured. Findings indicate that EA professionals who provide clinical services and/or crisis intervention services in the workplace are at low risk for burnout, moderate risk for compassion fatigue, and have high potential for compassion satisfaction. Implications for the EA field, in terms of training and practice, are discussed.     

Cultivating Compassion for Self and Others: A School-Based Pilot Study for Peer-Nominated Caring Adolescents

Many have called for school-based student programs that teach skills related to self-care and caring for others. Here, such a program for peer-nominated adolescents was developed and piloted virtually at one high school during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a longitudinal, quasi-experimental evaluation of the program showed high-quality program implementation and promising program impacts. Effect sizes indicated moderate to large program impacts on improvements in adolescents' self-compassion, sense of interdependence, and perspective-taking, and female adolescents' interoceptive awareness, compared to controls. No group differences in compassion for others were found. The need for more research on programs that help adolescents balance compassion for the self and for others is discussed.     

从启蒙到革命:中国浪漫主义的嬗变

中国浪漫主义从一开始就介入了中国的思想启蒙,启蒙理性与浪漫主义无边无际的情感之间的张力,在中国现代思想中并不存在。中国浪漫主义唤醒了自我,但是这个自我是情感性的自我。这个情感性的自我将客观世界的一切都视为黑暗的,当作浪漫主义的素材,与世界保持着若即若离的关系;这种关系投射在政治上,浪漫主义放弃了对客观世界的政治判断,它在政治上的表现是同情与轻蔑,拒绝介入任何具体事务。浪漫主义在大革命年代发生了分化,其中一部分浪漫主义作家自觉融入革命潮流,将浪漫主义的情感性自我与革命激情相糅合,直至被后者取代。     

同情心的利己性与“斯密悖论”的破解

分析了斯密悖论的实质、同情的利己性和回报、斯密悖论的根源等。分析表明,同情因亲缘、地域和信仰差异具有很强的选择性,这决定了同情心的利己性,而且同情的利己动机与经济上的利己并无不同,进而认为斯密悖论并不成立。指出仅仅提倡人要有同情心虽然有利于促进社会风气的转变,但难以收到持续的和普遍的效果,社会文明建设需要用回报作为激励。     

The affordance of compassion for animals: a filmic exploration of industrial linear rhythms

ABSTRACT

Compassion is an emotion that could be useful for improving the lives of animals within the intensive and factory farming system (IFFS). Rhythms that exist within this system play a role in making compassion difficult to realize, which formulates the research question: How do the rhythms of the IFFS shape the affordance of compassion for animals? Drawing on a cultural mode of analysis informed by Henri Lefebvre’s work on rhythms, this paper explored the rhythms of three films that focus on the treatment of animals in this system: Meat; Our Daily Bread and Never Let Me Go. Industrial linear rhythms seem to compromise the compassion offered to animals in the IFFS by manipulating the cyclical rhythms of animals and animalized bodies from birth, through life and at death. Compassion for animals and animalized bodies in the IFFS, this paper concludes, is often provided in a piecemeal and localized manner.     

悟语极照 顿成正觉——中国佛学的思想境域与后现代境遇

"非纵非横,非识所识",在世界三大宗教和中国儒释道三种传统文化中,唯禅定智慧最深最贵。对中国佛学核心范畴的复读、辨析与重释,不仅可以阐发佛学的人生悟解、思想法脉、精神教化和辩证方法的现代语义,也可公度其"要机"随化的得失轻重。"瞬间持存,敞于域外",后现代境遇更策发了中国佛学陈厚故藏的延宕与造生。     

Rethinking professional quality of life for social workers: Inclusion of ecological self-care barriers

ABSTRACT

This study conducted a survey among social workers in a mid-Atlantic state in the U.S. and examined the relationship between self-care behaviors, self-care barriers and compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress (STS) from an ecological perspective. The study found that social workers had a moderate level of compassion satisfaction, low risk of burnout, and low risk of STS. Bachelor-degree social workers had higher levels of burnout and lower levels of compassion satisfaction than others. Multiple regression results showed that self-care behaviors and self-care barriers did not predict compassion satisfaction. Self-care behaviors and self-care barriers were significantly associated with the level of burnout. Self-care barriers significantly contributed to STS, while self-care behaviors did not significantly decrease STS. This study implies that promoting self-care behaviors and decreasing self-care barriers can promote higher levels of professional quality of life. In addition to social workers’ individual-level self-care activities that are often stressed in prior research on STS and burnout, employers, supervisors, family members, and community members play a critical role in promoting a manageable work-life balance for social workers, thereby allowing them to use more self-care behaviors, while reducing barriers to self-care and ultimately reducing risk of burnout and STS.