义务教育乡镇管理体制评析

由于乡镇的财力单薄,管理水平偏低,管理心态失衡,乡镇政府难以有效管理本乡镇义务教育。改革义务教育乡镇管理体制,必须废除监护人直接支付的筹资方式,实行税收统筹分拨的筹资方式,建立省、县、乡三级义务教育管理体制,从经济上保证儿童受教育的权利。     

商业保险公司的合约性质

传统观念认为,保险公司是一种特殊的组织,它凭借大数定律把被保险人组织起来,产生自救行为。但是这并不能解释保险公司的投资行为,也不能解释一些保险公司的投资收益占总收益的比率相当大,更不能解释一些保险公司在本原业务的经营出现问题时依靠投资收益走出困境。采用静态分析方法是这一理论的主要局限性。本文拟创造性地综合运用企业理论、金融工程、微观经济学和保险理论的分析方法从一个新的视角──保险企业的合约性质──对保险公司的性质作出分析,并进一步对保险公司为什么需要投资作出新的理论解释。     

论审理医疗纠纷案件对美国法庭“专家证人制度”的借鉴——由中美两个案例比较谈起

近阶段,医疗纠纷冲突凸显,大量的矛盾往往最终汇集到法院。而审理医疗纠纷案件时,法官面临诸多法律困境,尤其是科学证据的采纳问题。分析认为,借鉴美国"专家证人"制度,人民法院应设立"专家辅助人",可以较为有效地解决这些问题。     

论我国著作权法不应放弃强制许可制度

强制许可制度兴起于美国，后来迅速扩及英国以及大陆法系各国。《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》和《世界版权公约》对强制许可也作了详细规定。而我国作为两大公约的成员国，至今在现行的著作权法中仍未明文规定强制许可制度。事实上，目前在我国确定强制许可制度不仅是可能的，而且是必要的。     

Forced to work and liberated from work

The work-welfare nexus is essential in all social policy regimes. The question is in what situations individuals should be entitled to social welfare benefits and in which situations they should be obliged to work. Social welfare law and administrative practices define mechanisms that separate the deserving poor from people able to work. This article analyses the functions and character of these "separation mechanisms" in Sweden during three periods in history: a) in rural society in the late 19th century; b) in industrial society during the successful years of the Swedish model from World War II until the late 1970s; and c) the present, including the period of welfare retrenchment and reconsideration since the early 1980s. The conclusion is that Swedish social policy has always been strongly work-oriented, but the specific form and content of the work ethic has varied under the influence of different ideologies and handled in different social policy institutions. Under specific conditions the work line has been either generous or restrictive and it has been based on structural attempts to improve the opportunities to work as well as on attempts to strongly pressure the individual to work. The work line of today is seen as an interesting attempt to combine an effort to create good work through improved work conditions and an effort to reinforce elements of work enforcement in the social insurance system.     

建设项目的专业技术 服务风险管理浅析

本文分析了建设项目中专业技术服务的潜在风险，探讨了风险管理的内容、途径和方法，简述了专业责任保险的特点和原则，指出了在我国开展专业责任保险的紧迫性。     

论对妇女就业机会歧视的法律规制

我国当前的对女性就业机会歧视的现象相当严重,表现在招收录用、职业培训、退休年龄、下岗等各方面.为了在法律上对之进行规制,我们应该在严格执行现行法律法规的基础上,进一步完善相关法律法规,尤其是完善<妇女权益保障法>的相关规定;同时要推行生育保险,促进就业.     

我国国家公务员社会保障制度研究综述

我国国家公务员社会保障制度推行十多年来,对稳定公务员队伍,提高政府的工作效能发挥了重要作用.但随着经济体制改革和政府人事制度改革的不断深化,这一制度在运行过程中也出现了一些需要急待解决的问题.通过对现有关于公务员社会保障制度研究的文献资料进行整理和分析,提出了公务员社会保障制度研究需要进一步深化的几个问题.     

试论适航责任

自《海牙规则》采用恪尽职责使船舶适航的责任以来,该责任已被大多数国家所采纳。适航责任的概念、构成、举证与责任承担等问题对认定承运人是否违反适航义务非常重要,《海牙规则》部分地解决了关于适航责任的争议问题。     

In Memoriam: Emeritus Professor Henry Oliver Lancaster, AO FAA 1 February 1913 – 2 December 2001

The death, in Sydney, of Oliver Lancaster marks the end of an era in the histories of the Statistical Society of Australia, which (in its previous existence as the Statistical Society of New South Wales) he helped found in 1947, and of the Australian Journal of Statistics of which he was founding editor (1959–1971). Oliver Lancaster was Foundation Professor of Mathematical Statistics at the University of Sydney (1959–1978), where he spent his life as student and academic. During his academic career, he achieved scholarly distinction in at least four fields: mathematical statistics, medical and public health statistics, the history of medicine and of statistics, and statistical bibliography. With E.J.G. Pitman (1897–1993), M.H. Belz (1897–1975), E.A. Cornish (1909–1973) and P.A.P. Moran (1917–1988) he was part of a cohort of renowned Australian mathematical statisticians who laid the foundation of the glory days of Australian mathematical statistics. This obituary and tribute focuses on some of these aspects, within a broader historical picture.