浅析会计信息失真的成因以及对策

我国自改革开放以来,由于会计工作秩序不佳,企业会计信息失真现象相当普遍,严重地干扰了市场经济秩序,损害了国家和社会公众的利益。本文深入剖析了会计信息失真的成因,并提出了根治会计信息失真的对策。     

在美上市公司会计信息舞弊的原因及治理

中国在美上市公司因会计信息舞弊受到美国监管机构的处罚,降低了投资者的投资信心。美国对上市公司的会计信息披露,从披露内容、披露时间及披露要求上,与我国既有一致,也有一些特殊规定。在美上市公司由于中美两国会计准则制定的差异、监管的缺失、审计漏洞等原因导致了会计信息舞弊的动机,治理会计信息舞弊应完善公司内部治理结构,提高在美上市公司的标准,并加强外部监管。     

“Off balance sheet law”: Globalisation,accounting and democracy

Abstract

National governments commonly facilitate neo‐liberal globalisation by permitting private bodies to apply global commercial rules locally. The recent legislating of international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) in New Zealand is an important example of privatised lawmaking. IFRSs can be described as “off balance sheet law” because they do not appear on the statute books, yet have legal effects. This article draws on a broad conception of discursive democracy to demonstrate the fundamentally antidemocratic nature of privatised lawmaking that the legislating of IFRSs exemplifies. First, an outline is given of the organisations and processes involved in the legislation of IFRSs in New Zealand to demonstrate how privatised lawmaking works. Second, the importance of IFRSs is considered in the light of basic principles of discursive democracy. Finally, alternatives to standardisation are considered.     

我国企业会计准则国际趋同历程、最新进展与启示

随着世界经济一体化和资本流动全球化进程的加快,企业会计准则的国际趋同成为全球趋势。我国企业会计准则建设及其国际趋同经历了1992年发布"两则两制",2006年建成企业会计准则体系,国际金融危机后保持会计准则持续国际趋同等几个阶段,对我国经济改革开放发挥了重要作用。目前,我国正根据国际财务报告准则的最新变化修订完善我国企业会计准则体系。我国企业会计准则国际趋同的经验与启示值得研究与重视。     

Computer-Assisted Sensate Focus: Integrating Technology with Sex Therapy Practice

It is well established that computer technology can be ethically, legally, usefully, and efficaciously integrated with the psychosocial treatment of mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. There is, however, a paucity of literature regarding how these applications could be applied to sex therapy. This article will briefly review the adaptation of computer technology to mental health treatment, provide a rationale for using computer applications in sex therapy, and demonstrate how computer technology could be applied to Masters and Johnson's sensate focus technique. The Sensate Focus Prototype (an Internet-delivered therapeutic module) presented is a working application designed for use by psychotherapists and researchers.     

Stage-Based Computer-Delivered Interventions to Increase Condom Use in Young Men

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The aim is to examine whether adopting or increasing condom use can be influenced by psychological treatment targeting both motivational and volitional aspects, when these components are matched to the characteristics of the recipients. Method: In a randomized controlled trial, 159 heterosexual young men (intervention groups, n = 113; control condition, n = 46) were exposed to 2 computer-delivered intervention arms, 1 targeting nonintenders (n = 36; motivational intervention arm) and the other targeting intenders (n = 77; volitional intervention arm). Intention and condom use were assessed through self-report questions at 3 points in time, each 2 weeks apart. Motivational intervention involved screen content requesting decisional balance for condom use and focus on past success to trigger self-efficacy. Volitional intervention encouraged the formation of specific if-then plans, where participants were required to choose and write about the most favourable situations by means of reflection on when, where, and how to carry them out, and of thinking about strategies for obstacles that might hinder condom use. Results: Experimental nonintenders obtained higher levels of condom use intention two weeks and one month later and of reported condom use one month later than control nonintenders. Experimental intenders reported an increase in condom use in comparison with control intenders one month later. Conclusions: At a 30-day follow-up, treatment was shown to have helped nonintenders to first increase their condom use intentions and later condom use, and intenders to improve condom use behavior. A stage-based computer-delivered intervention design including motivational and volitional treatment appears to be suitable for improving condom use motivation as well as behavior after a 1-month period.     

数字经济背景下审计信息化对审计质量的影响研究

随着数字经济的发展,会计师事务所信息化建设不断加强。基于2017—2019年41家会计师事务所的调研数据,实证检验了数字经济背景下审计信息化对审计质量的影响。研究发现,审计信息化水平越高,审计质量越高。机制检验结果表明,审计信息化通过提高审计效率和审计师行业专长来提高审计质量。异质性分析结果显示,在非“四大”和未变更客户的会计师事务所,以及信息化程度较高、位于智慧城市和高管团队更年轻的企业,审计信息化对审计质量的正向影响效应更显著。进一步研究发现,审计信息化提高审计质量进而促进了企业价值的提升。因此,会计师事务所应充分重视审计信息化建设,加强对审计师信息化知识的培训,提高审计效率和审计师行业专长,充分发挥审计信息化对审计质量的提升作用。     

Dynamic Female Labor Supply

The increase in female employment and participation rates is one of the most dramatic changes to have taken place in the economy during the last century. However, while the employment rate of married women more than doubled during the last 50 years, that of unmarried women remained almost constant. To empirically analyze these trends, we estimate a female dynamic labor supply model using an extended version of Eckstein and Wolpin (1989) to compare the various explanations in the literature for the observed trends. This dynamic model provides a much better fit to the life‐cycle employment pattern than a static version of the model and a standard static reduced form model (Heckman (1979)). The main finding using the dynamic model is that the rise in education levels accounts for about 33 percent of the increase in female employment, and the rise in wages and narrowing of the gender wage gap account for another 20 percent, while about 40 percent remains unexplained by observed household characteristics. We show that this unexplained portion can be empirically attributed to cohort‐specific changes in preferences or the costs of child‐rearing and household maintenance. Finally, the decline in fertility and the increase in divorce rates account for only a small share of the increase in female employment rates.     

信息不对称下的盈余管理规范策略

盈余管理客观存在,其存在的根本原因是信息不对称。适度的盈余管理是相关利益主体利用现有会计政策的弹性来实现自身利益。盈余管理可以维护契约的有效性,降低交易成本。但大量资本市场的实证研究表明,我国上市公司存在着过度盈余管理行为。对过度的盈余管理,应通过健全相关法规、加强监督、完善信息披露制度等途径加以限制,这样才能保护各利益主体的积极性,实现社会财富公平分配。     

环境变迁、需求变化以及大学会计教育改革——来自我国大学的实证

技术创新、全球化竞争以及知识经济等企业外部经济环境的变革对会计实务以及会计人才需求产生了深远的影响,也要求大学会计教育进行相应的改革。以我国1999～2001年间18所高等院校和2009～2011年间30所高等院校为样本进行实证研究,结果发现:我国大学本科会计学专业课程改革取得了一些积极成果,但仍存在教育目标模糊、课程完整性和系统性欠缺、课程与实务需求脱节等问题。据此提出了进一步深化我国大学本科会计教育改革的建议。